Here’s the broader research page for the previously linked ‘Which Programming Languages […]’ article: Original work in SLE'17
In the updated 2020 results, only Rust beats (or matches) Julia for low energy use: Original work in SLE'17 - Updated Functional results - 2020
If you interleave the 2020 results with the broader, original results, you’ll see Julia bested by C, Rust, C++, and Ada, but besting everyone else from OCaml to Fortran to Go to Java (especially considering the Java efficiency caveat detailed in: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167642321000022).
And I assume Julia has made efficiency improvements since v1.3.1 and will continue to improve, so pretty cool. I didn’t assume it would be energy efficient compared to compiled languages w/ GC.