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I think the problem is that in the terminal (REPL), the result of every line is automatically displayed, so when you run plot(f, 0, 68292) it shows the plot. But when you run a code block in VS Code it probably shows only the result of the last line (here the last line has no result: the println call writes the message to standard output but then it doesn’t return anything).
You can force the display of an intermediate result with the display function:
plt = plot(f, 0, 6.28292)
display(plt)