It doesn’t tell us the exact CPU you have. Can you post the output of e.g. lscpu? Relevant would be the aes flag.
Are you running in a virtualized environment?
If your CPU is really cascadelake, then it physically supports aes-ni – unless somebody disabled that in config.
I’d try to first figure out whether aes-ni is actually disabled (-> fix you bios / hypervisor config!) or whether llvm fails to understand whether aes-ni is available or not.
I would guess that some virtualization config interferes with llvm detection of cpu features; so both of you affected people should post some info about your setup (are you virtualizing? What is the host hardware / OS? What is the guest hardware / OS? What is you virtualization framework? Config?).
Google for kvm aesni woes to see whether something helpful pops up. (are you running under KVM?)
Theoretically one probably should be able to run without aesni support (yadda yadda supported target).
But that’s stupid waste of electricity and I would not be surprised if the actual support has bit-rotten.
So you’re on GCP? Maybe this becomes reproducible.
According to the lscpu output you posted, aes-ni should work / be enabled. So that suggests that julia/llvm is confused about the available hardware.
Next thing I’d check is what package compilation triggers the issue. I expect one of the following cases:
You’re compiling something that absolutely requires aes-ni, and llvm somehow believes that aes-ni is not available.
LLVM is internally confused about the availability of aes-ni: When selecting implementations, it believes that aes-ni is available, and during machine-code generation, it believes that aes-ni is not available.
The package uses multi-versioning, llvm believes that aesni is not available, and something in llvm became more trigger-happy in throwing compile-time errors (as opposed to just emitting the damn code that could cause an illegal instruction trap).
Once you found an easy reproducer (i.e. responsible piece of code + simple GCP reproduction) I’d say open an issue.