libstdc++ is mostly backward compatible meaning that you can run with a new libstdc++ a library built using an old libstdc++, but not forward compatible, meaning that generally you can’t run with an old libstdc++ a library built with a newer libstdc++. That’s why in the JLL world to maximise compatibility we try to always use the oldest version of GCC possible (and at the same time try to ship in Julia a decently recent libstdc++). But compiling libraries for general consumption on different systems with the super latest version of GCC is begging for troubles (whoever did it).
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