Environment for teaching

General Usage
2

IJulia, i.e. the Jupyter notebook, seems to satisfy all your requirements, except for debugging, for which you can drop into Juno.

Now you just do

Pkg.add("IJulia")
using IJulia
notebook()

and it will automatically install Jupyter, and then run the notebook.
Hit the “New” button and choose the Julia 0.5 kernel, and you’re away.

Your students don’t even have to install anything if they use JuliaBox.