set_gtk_property!(b, :width_request, 1000)
is probably what your are looking for. The widgit properties are all printed when a widget is displayed as text at the REPL. This is a REPL session where I found it:
julia> using Gtk
julia> b = GtkBu
GtkBuildable GtkBuilder GtkBuilderLeaf GtkButton GtkButtonBox GtkButtonBoxLeaf GtkButtonLeaf
julia> b = GtkButton()
GtkButtonLeaf(action-name=NULL, action-target, related-action, use-action-appearance=TRUE, name="", parent, width-request=-1, height-request=-1, visible=FALSE, sensitive=TRUE, app-paintable=FALSE, can-focus=TRUE, has-focus=FALSE, is-focus=FALSE, focus-on-click=TRUE, can-default=FALSE, has-default=FALSE, receives-default=TRUE, composite-child=FALSE, style, events=0, no-show-all=FALSE, has-tooltip=FALSE, tooltip-markup=NULL, tooltip-text=NULL, window, opacity=1.000000, double-buffered, halign=GTK_ALIGN_FILL, valign=GTK_ALIGN_FILL, margin-left, margin-right, margin-start=0, margin-end=0, margin-top=0, margin-bottom=0, margin=0, hexpand=FALSE, vexpand=FALSE, hexpand-set=FALSE, vexpand-set=FALSE, expand=FALSE, scale-factor=2, border-width=0, resize-mode, child, label=NULL, image, relief=GTK_RELIEF_NORMAL, use-underline=FALSE, use-stock, xalign, yalign, image-position=GTK_POS_LEFT, always-show-image=FALSE)
julia> # Notice that width-request=-1 appears in this list /\
julia> set_
set_coordinates set_gtk_property! set_source set_source_rgba set_zero_subnormals
set_dash set_line_width set_source_rgb set_theme
julia> set_gtk_property!(b, :width_request, 1000)
GtkButtonLeaf(action-name=NULL, action-target, related-action, use-action-appearance=TRUE, name="", parent, width-request=1000, height-request=-1, visible=FALSE, sensitive=TRUE, app-paintable=FALSE, can-focus=TRUE, has-focus=FALSE, is-focus=FALSE, focus-on-click=TRUE, can-default=FALSE, has-default=FALSE, receives-default=TRUE, composite-child=FALSE, style, events=0, no-show-all=FALSE, has-tooltip=FALSE, tooltip-markup=NULL, tooltip-text=NULL, window, opacity=1.000000, double-buffered, halign=GTK_ALIGN_FILL, valign=GTK_ALIGN_FILL, margin-left, margin-right, margin-start=0, margin-end=0, margin-top=0, margin-bottom=0, margin=0, hexpand=FALSE, vexpand=FALSE, hexpand-set=FALSE, vexpand-set=FALSE, expand=FALSE, scale-factor=2, border-width=0, resize-mode, child, label=NULL, image, relief=GTK_RELIEF_NORMAL, use-underline=FALSE, use-stock, xalign, yalign, image-position=GTK_POS_LEFT, always-show-image=FALSE)