I just had opportunity to opportunity to work on this machine again. I have tested Julia 1.10 with latest VScode and Julia language support v1.54.2. Unfortunately the problem persists.
There is an issue with write permissions:
The Language Server failed to precompile.
Please make sure you have permissions to write to the LS depot path at
/Users/imac/Library/Application Support/Code/User/globalStorage/julialang.language-julia/lsdepot/v1
However, write permissions do not seem to be the issue: I added write permissions to all and there was no effect.
In fact I wonder if the space in Application Support could the issue. On this OS, this path is simply not valid: /Users/imac/Library/Application Support/Code/User/globalStorage/julialang.language-julia/lsdepot/v1
Only this one is valid:
/Users/imac/Library/Application\ Support/Code/User/globalStorage/julialang.language-julia/lsdepot/v1
Is there a way to manually edit this path? Adding the backslash may solve this issue and probably that one too.