CSV = "0.5.18" means that CSV has to be in [0.5.18,0.6.0). But the version of CSV in your current project seems to be 0.5.12, which is not in that range, so the resolver fails. You can force CSV to the correct version with:
pkg> add CurrentPopulationSurvey CSV@0.5.18
Note that the behavior of the resolver has been adjusted so that manual interventions like this will not be necessary in the future (starting with Julia 1.4):
(ExampleProject) pkg> status
Status `/tmp/ExampleProject/Project.toml`
[336ed68f] CSV v0.5.12
(ExampleProject) pkg> add CurrentPopulationSurvey
Resolving package versions...
Updating `/tmp/ExampleProject/Project.toml`
[336ed68f] ↑ CSV v0.5.12 ⇒ v0.5.18
[d0231af6] + CurrentPopulationSurvey v0.1.0