I think it would be best to just follow the current layout (a bunch of bullet points). Maybe organize them a bit by topic.
Also, I am not sure that constructing a very detailed “dictionary” (function names etc) is either feasible or desirable. After all, they are two different languages. The focus should be on conceptual issues.
Some enhancements to my table (on Gist because it became too long for this thread).
I agree that the conceptual / code structure parts are most important. Imho the largest syntactical difference between Python and Julia is classical OOP classes vs. structures and multiple dispatch. This point is not yet included in the Noteworthy Differences.