In theory, yes, there should be no issue with shipping a compiled binary.
(BTW, for background I used to work on MacRuby and am familiar with the techniques that had to be employed for RubyMotion to deploy on iOS.)
The problem, of course, is maintaining dynamism while doing so. If all your types are specified in advance, it’s no problem. If not, then you need to (re-)implement dynamic dispatch that doesn’t require JIT’ing. See here for a (very advanced) dive into how Obj-C and Swift handle dynamic dispatch differently.