Have you seen this thread? I posted there additional links to related issues.
In short: I have a Ryzen setup and had similar problems (including crashing Firefox), limiting the precompilation threads solved the problem, but slowed package installation etc.
Weirdly for me, I started to see similar crashes in Julia 1.7.3 and on my other PC with an Intel processor, so also cannot say for sure that this mitigates it.
But you can try if it helps.