Is Julia Array an array or linked list?

I am sorry but I don’t understand the question. Generally for Vector{T} you don’t get to choose a storage model for a given T.

Vector{T} is not necessarily optimal for pushfirst! — again, if you want a deque, use a deque. AFAIK neither is “scattered in different chunks”.

FWIW, I don’t find it helpful to think about the data structure “behind” Vector when programming Julia. Arrays are the data structure per se.