How to get value and matrix index at a given (x;y) point?

Yeah, points/intervals is a bit confusing - thats why its printed for every dimension.

Many GIS tools just ignore the point/pixel metadata and treat everything as pixels, but for Near thats not at all correct - the nearest point is not the same as the nearest pixel if that point is the left/top etc edge.

(you can use intervalraster = set(x, Intervals) to change your raster to intervals)