How does one set up a centralized Julia installation?

I agree. We should not assume that /home/user/.julia is the place where Julia keeps software.
As @samo points out this does not scale on big HPC systems - I have worked with systems where /home is deliberatley quotaed very small.

But why do you not then use JULIA_PROJECT and JULIA_DEPOT_PATH which are located on a fast filessystem? Clearly I am about to be schooled here…