Thanks! This is super useful. I suppose no surprise it looks similar to the AbstractGPs solution posted on zulip.
Yes, I think that’s plausible, where I think we’d likely assume f_x() would have a linear covariance function.
That is definitely the assumption for the majority of our problems. There actually are some cases where subjects are part of the same household, and then we might hypothesize some connection, but we’d encode that in a separate “household” variable. Subject IDs themselves could just as well be random Strings, they’re strictly identifiers and have no meaning.