The fastest method in Julia is probably to call the optimized C implementation from the underlying libgmp library:
function fastfib(n)
z = BigInt()
ccall((:__gmpz_fib_ui, :libgmp), Cvoid, (Ref{BigInt}, Culong), z, n)
return z
end
This is about 50% faster than your memo-ized fib implementation above (which means your fib function is quite good)!