I don’t think it’s been mentioned in the thread, but the term you’re looking for is out-of-core.
JuliaDB does out-of-core through Dagger.jl, and databases like SQL do this as well like @nalimilan says.
But one of the important things with Julia is distinguishing between the representation of data and the API. Using generic functions with dispatch, the same API can apply to many different “backends” which handle the data differently. So you may want to look at interfaces like this (Query.jl, DataStreams.jl, IterableTables.jl, etc) to mix the choices depending on the circumstance, but using the same code.