Check out this previous thread and the linked SO answer
In your example, $ is used to get a sense of the performance of A\b when A and b are either local and type-stable inside a function (including if they’re arguments) or they’re declared as const globals. It’s the former that most folks are interested in when benchmarking because that’s the happy path for high-performance Julia.
You’ve not declared A and b as const, so they’re not constant.