Regarding (3): You can use the Dates.DateLocale function to define a new Locale for the DateTime parsing.
For german this would look like that:
months = ["Januar"
"Februar"
"März"
"April"
"Mai"
"Juni"
"Juli"
"August"
"September"
"Oktober"
"November"
"Dezember"]
months_abbrev = ["Jan"
"Feb"
"Mar"
"Apr"
"Mai"
"Jun"
"Jul"
"Aug"
"Sep"
"Okt"
"Nov"
"Dez"]
days = ["Montag", "Dienstag", "Mittwoch", "Donnerstag", "Freitag", "Samstag", "Sonntag"]
days_abbrev = ["Mo", "Di", "Mi", "Do", "Fr", "Sa", "So"]
Dates.LOCALES["german"] = Dates.DateLocale(months, months_abbrev, days, days_abbrev)
Then you can use dateformat to parse your dates.
For your use case this should be
dform = Dates.DateFormat("dd U yyyy")
date = Dates.Date(somedatestring, dform)
See Dates · The Julia Language for the details for the dateformat construction.