In DataFramesMeta you can use $ to work with column names generated by code (which includes simple string values). See the documentation here.
Example:
using DataFramesMeta
df = DataFrame(:Firstcolumn => 1:5, Symbol("Second-column") => 1:5)
@transform(df, $"Second-column" = $"Second-column" .+ 1)
5×2 DataFrame
Row │ Firstcolumn Second-column
│ Int64 Int64
─────┼────────────────────────────
1 │ 1 2
2 │ 2 3
3 │ 3 4
4 │ 4 5
5 │ 5 6