# Revise.jl's \`includet\` gives error when \`include\` doesn't
**URL:** https://discourse.julialang.org/t/revise-jls-includet-gives-error-when-include-doesnt/101914
**Category:** New to Julia
**Tags:** revise
**Created:** [July 21, 2023, 11:11pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/revise-jls-includet-gives-error-when-include-doesnt/101914 "2023-07-21T23:11:38Z")
**Posts on this page:** 7
**Page:** 1
### Author:  [@sadish-d](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/sadish-d)
#### Post date: [July 21, 2023, 11:11pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/revise-jls-includet-gives-error-when-include-doesnt/101914/1 "2023-07-21T23:11:38Z")
I have a .jl file where I define struct `S` that I call from another .jl file with `using Revise; includet("path_to_file")`.
If this is my definition of S, I do not get an error:
```julia
struct S{N}
x::Array{<:Real, N}
S{N}(x::Array{<:Real, N}) where N = new{N}(x)
end
```
If I add another inner constructor, I get `ERROR: invalid redefinition of type S` even when I’m in a completely new Julia session.
```julia
struct S{N}
x::Array{<:Real, N}
S{N}(x::Array{<:Real, N}) where N = new{N}(x)
S(x::Array{<:Real, N}) where N = S{N}(x)
end
```
If I change the syntax to this, the error goes away:
```julia
struct S{N}
x::Array{<:Real}{N} where N
S{N}(x::Array{<:Real}{N}) where N = new{N}(x)
S(x::Array{<:Real}{N}) where N = S{N}(x)
end
```
I do not get the error for any of the three cases if I use `include` instead of Revise.jl’s `includet`.
Am I doing something wrong?
```julia
julia> versioninfo()
Julia Version 1.9.0
Commit 8e630552924 (2023-05-07 11:25 UTC)
Platform Info:
OS: macOS (arm64-apple-darwin22.4.0)
CPU: 8 × Apple M1
WORD_SIZE: 64
LIBM: libopenlibm
LLVM: libLLVM-14.0.6 (ORCJIT, apple-m1)
Threads: 1 on 4 virtual cores
Environment:
JULIA_EDITOR = code
JULIA_NUM_THREADS =
```
---
### Author:  [@Benny](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Benny)
#### Post date: [July 22, 2023, 1:08am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/revise-jls-includet-gives-error-when-include-doesnt/101914/2 "2023-07-22T01:08:09Z")
> [@sadish-d](#):
>
> `Array{<:Real}{N}`
I know this is as valid as `Vector{T}` but it hurts my eyes
---
### Author:  [@sadish-d](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/sadish-d)
#### Post date: [July 22, 2023, 1:34am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/revise-jls-includet-gives-error-when-include-doesnt/101914/3 "2023-07-22T01:34:45Z")
I think it hurts Julia’s eyes too. `[1] isa Array{<:Real}{1}` gives me an error, actually. `[1] isa Array{<:Real, 1}` does not. I thought they were the same thing.
---
### Author:  [@Benny](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Benny)
#### Post date: [July 22, 2023, 1:47am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/revise-jls-includet-gives-error-when-include-doesnt/101914/4 "2023-07-22T01:47:51Z")
```julia
julia> Array{<:Real}{1}
ERROR: TypeError: in Array, in #s2, expected var"#s2"<:Real, got a value of type Int64
julia> Array{<:Real}{1, Int64}
ERROR: TypeError: in Array, in #s2, expected var"#s2"<:Real, got a value of type Int64
julia> Array{<:Real}{Int64, 1}
Vector{Int64} (alias for Array{Int64, 1})
```
Is it this error, then scratch what I said earlier, I think `{1}` tries to put the 1 in the first type parameter. This is consistent with how the `where` clause of a type union completely ignores the type parameters of a parametric struct, even when it would contain types impossible to instantiate:
```julia
julia> struct X{T<:Real} end; X{S} where {S<:String}
X{S} where S<:String
```
---
### Author:  [@sadish-d](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/sadish-d)
#### Post date: [July 22, 2023, 2:36am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/revise-jls-includet-gives-error-when-include-doesnt/101914/5 "2023-07-22T02:36:26Z")
I don’t know if the `{1}` in `Array{T}{1}` is specifying the first type parameter.
```julia
julia> Array{Int64}{1}
Vector{Int64} (alias for Array{Int64, 1})
```
`[1] isa Array{<:Real}{1}` gives an error but:
```julia
julia> [1] isa Array{Int64}{1}
true
```
---
### Author:  [@Benny](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Benny)
#### Post date: [July 22, 2023, 6:25am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/revise-jls-includet-gives-error-when-include-doesnt/101914/6 "2023-07-22T06:25:25Z")
Hm, then maybe it’s because `Array{Int64}` only has 1 parameter left to specify? But `Array{<:Real}` actually has both its parameters unfixed, so the 1 is attempted to be set as `T<:Real`, and 1 does not subtype `Real`. `Array{<:Real}{Int64}` works, and `Array{<:Real}{String}` fails. `Array{<:Real}{N} where N` is not trying to set `T`, it’s just replacing the parameter bounds `<:Real` with `N<:Any`.
As for the original topic, I can replicate the behavior, if I restart the session and run `includet` again each time. However, I will point out that when I check `methods(S)` and `methods(S{1})`, both methods are there and they work just fine `S([1]), S{1}([1])`. I really have no idea why the error is printed.
On the other hand, if I am running just 1 session and am just editing the file to make those changes, adding that other inner constructor adapts the `methods` just fine. However, changing the type annotations with the double brackets only seems fine at first, but then if I try `methods(S)` I get a pretty sticky `Failed to Revise` error and all the methods are gone. I must edit the file to the 2nd version, not the 1st, to get rid of that error, and even then the methods don’t come back. This is in line with if I was re-`include`ing the file instead, I’m allowed to add methods but not change the other parts of the struct.
---
### Author:  [@sadish-d](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/sadish-d)
#### Post date: [July 22, 2023, 2:36pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/revise-jls-includet-gives-error-when-include-doesnt/101914/7 "2023-07-22T14:36:32Z")
Thanks for replicating. I opened an issue.
>
>
> I have a .jl file where I define struct \`S\` that I call from another .jl file wi…th \`using Revise; includet("path\_to\_file")\`.
>
> With this definition of S, I get \`ERROR: invalid redefinition of type S\` even when I'm in a completely new Julia session.
>
> \`\`\`julia
> struct S{N}
> x::Array{\<:Real, N}
>
> S{N}(x::Array{\<:Real, N}) where N = new{N}(x)
> S(x::Array{\<:Real, N}) where N = S{N}(x) # remove this and the error goes away
> end
> \`\`\`
>
> If I remove the second constructor, the error goes away.
>
> I do not get the error, with or without the second constructor, if I use \`include\` instead of \`includet\`.
>
> \`\`\`
> julia\> versioninfo()
> Julia Version 1.9.0
> Commit 8e630552924 (2023-05-07 11:25 UTC)
> Platform Info:
> OS: macOS (arm64-apple-darwin22.4.0)
> CPU: 8 × Apple M1
> WORD\_SIZE: 64
> LIBM: libopenlibm
> LLVM: libLLVM-14.0.6 (ORCJIT, apple-m1)
> Threads: 1 on 4 virtual cores
> Environment:
> JULIA\_EDITOR = code
> JULIA\_NUM\_THREADS =
> \`\`\`
>
> another user was able to replicate the error: \[discourse discussion\](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/revise-jls-includet-gives-error-when-include-doesnt/101914/6?u=sadish-d)