using names in such transforms is almost never needed. You can do just:
julia> df = DataFrame(reshape(1:30, 3, 10), :auto)
3×10 DataFrame
Row │ x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7 x8 x9 x10
│ Int64 Int64 Int64 Int64 Int64 Int64 Int64 Int64 Int64 Int64
─────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
1 │ 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28
2 │ 2 5 8 11 14 17 20 23 26 29
3 │ 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
julia> transform(df, 4:10 .=> plus_one, renamecols=false) # just say you do want to keep old column names
3×10 DataFrame
Row │ x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7 x8 x9 x10
│ Int64 Int64 Int64 Int64 Int64 Int64 Int64 Int64 Int64 Int64
─────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
1 │ 1 4 7 11 14 17 20 23 26 29
2 │ 2 5 8 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
3 │ 3 6 9 13 16 19 22 25 28 31
julia> transform(df, 4:10 .=> plus_one .=> identity) # use identity function as transformation of source column names
3×10 DataFrame
Row │ x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7 x8 x9 x10
│ Int64 Int64 Int64 Int64 Int64 Int64 Int64 Int64 Int64 Int64
─────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
1 │ 1 4 7 11 14 17 20 23 26 29
2 │ 2 5 8 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
3 │ 3 6 9 13 16 19 22 25 28 31