This is a slight mis-match because you used MOI.write_to_file(backend(model), "debug.cbf") instead of JuMP.write_to_file(model, "debug.cbf").
I need to look into the details of why:
julia> using JuMP
julia> model = JuMP.Model();
julia> @variable(model, x >= 1)
x
julia> print(model)
Feasibility
Subject to
x ≥ 1
julia> MOI.write_to_file(backend(model), "debug.cbf")
shell> cat debug.cbf
VER
3
OBJSENSE
MIN
VAR
1 1
F 1
julia> write_to_file(model, "debug.cbf")
shell> cat debug.cbf
VER
3
OBJSENSE
MIN
VAR
1 1
L+ 1