The short answer to your question is maybe. The JLD2 readme states
other HDF5 implementations supporting HDF5 File Format Specification Version 3.0 (i.e. libhdf5 1.10 or later) should be able to read the files that JLD2 produces
but the package was not designed as a pure julia implementation of the HDF5 library and as far as I know, the compatibility of the files it produces with other HDF5 implementations has not been heavily tested.
So I would say, you can experiment with loading files produced by JLD2 using a non julia HDF5 implementation but if you need a strong guarantee that your files will be compatible, I would go with HDF5.jl, which just wraps the HDF5 c library.