I can’t make sense of the resolver log either and I’m not sure what in your environment causes this conflict to be triggered by adding Continuumarrays, but experimenting in a clean environment (>pkg activate --temp is your friend) one can see that Continuumarrays is unproblematic to add on its own and by trying different combinations of the packages in the log that the real problem is the combination of OrthogonalPolynomialsQuasi and ClassicalOrthogonalPolynomials, which turn out to have mutually exclusive compat on QuasiArrays. The README of OrthogonalPolynomialsQuasi indicates that it has been replaced by ClassicalOrthogonalPolynomials so my suggestion would be to find out what in your environment needs the outdated package.
Or possibly better, don’t try to put every package in the global environment but use different environments for each project you’re working on.