I think this is pretty idiomatic:
julia> components = [1,1,2]
3-element Array{Int64,1}:
1
1
2
julia> vector = zeros(3)
3-element Array{Float64,1}:
0.0
0.0
0.0
julia> increment= 1:3 # no need to collect
1:3
julia> @view(vector[components]) .+= increment
3-element view(::Array{Float64,1}, [1, 1, 2]) with eltype Float64:
3.0
3.0
3.0
julia> vector
3-element Array{Float64,1}:
3.0
3.0
0.0