# How to fix ambiguities found through Aqua.jl?

**URL:** <https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-fix-ambiguities-found-through-aqua-jl/118269>\
**Category:** Performance\
**Created:** [August 16, 2024, 11:02am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-fix-ambiguities-found-through-aqua-jl/118269 "2024-08-16T11:02:45Z")\
**Posts on this page:** 5\
**Page:** 1

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Ahmed\_Salih](https://sea2.discourse-cdn.com/julialang/user_avatar/discourse.julialang.org/ahmed_salih/32/206579_2.png) [@Ahmed\_Salih](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Ahmed_Salih)\
**Post date:** [August 16, 2024, 11:02am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-fix-ambiguities-found-through-aqua-jl/118269/1 "2024-08-16T11:02:45Z")

</div>

Hello!

I am using Aqua to find ambiguities in my package ([GitHub - AhmedSalih3d/SPHExample: Simple SPH dam-break simulation in Julia](https://github.com/AhmedSalih3d/SPHExample)) and the following ones have been found:

```julia
julia> @testset "aqua test ambiguities" begin
           Aqua.test_ambiguities([SPHExample, Core, Base])
       end
16 ambiguities found. To get a list, set `broken = false`.
Ambiguity #1
<(a::SentinelArrays.ChainedVectorIndex, b::Integer) @ SentinelArrays IWillNotTellYouMyDriveLetter:\SomeRandomUser\.julia\packages\SentinelArrays\V85ev\src\chainedvector.jl:211
<(i::Integer, x::BigInt) @ Base.GMP gmp.jl:737

Possible fix, define
  <(::SentinelArrays.ChainedVectorIndex, ::BigInt)

Ambiguity #2
<(a::Integer, b::SentinelArrays.ChainedVectorIndex) @ SentinelArrays IWillNotTellYouMyDriveLetter:\SomeRandomUser\.julia\packages\SentinelArrays\V85ev\src\chainedvector.jl:212
<(x::BigInt, i::Integer) @ Base.GMP gmp.jl:736

Possible fix, define
  <(::BigInt, ::SentinelArrays.ChainedVectorIndex)

Ambiguity #3
<=(a::Integer, b::SentinelArrays.ChainedVectorIndex) @ SentinelArrays IWillNotTellYouMyDriveLetter:\SomeRandomUser\.julia\packages\SentinelArrays\V85ev\src\chainedvector.jl:212
<=(x::BigInt, i::Integer) @ Base.GMP gmp.jl:730

Possible fix, define
  <=(::BigInt, ::SentinelArrays.ChainedVectorIndex)

Ambiguity #4
<=(a::SentinelArrays.ChainedVectorIndex, b::Integer) @ SentinelArrays IWillNotTellYouMyDriveLetter:\SomeRandomUser\.julia\packages\SentinelArrays\V85ev\src\chainedvector.jl:211
<=(i::Integer, x::BigInt) @ Base.GMP gmp.jl:731

Possible fix, define
  <=(::SentinelArrays.ChainedVectorIndex, ::BigInt)

Ambiguity #5
==(a::SentinelArrays.ChainedVectorIndex, b::Integer) @ SentinelArrays IWillNotTellYouMyDriveLetter:\SomeRandomUser\.julia\packages\SentinelArrays\V85ev\src\chainedvector.jl:211
==(i::Integer, x::BigInt) @ Base.GMP gmp.jl:723

Possible fix, define
  ==(::SentinelArrays.ChainedVectorIndex, ::BigInt)

Ambiguity #6
==(a::Integer, b::SentinelArrays.ChainedVectorIndex) @ SentinelArrays IWillNotTellYouMyDriveLetter:\SomeRandomUser\.julia\packages\SentinelArrays\V85ev\src\chainedvector.jl:212
==(x::BigInt, i::Integer) @ Base.GMP gmp.jl:722

Possible fix, define
  ==(::BigInt, ::SentinelArrays.ChainedVectorIndex)

Ambiguity #7
broadcasted(f::F, A::SentinelArrays.ChainedVector) where F @ SentinelArrays IWillNotTellYouMyDriveLetter:\SomeRandomUser\.julia\packages\SentinelArrays\V85ev\src\chainedvector.jl:940
broadcasted(style::Base.Broadcast.BroadcastStyle, f::F, args...) where F @ Base.Broadcast broadcast.jl:1349

Possible fix, define
  broadcasted(::F, ::F) where {F<:SentinelArrays.ChainedVector, F<:Base.Broadcast.BroadcastStyle}

Ambiguity #8
copyto!(dest::AbstractVector, src::SentinelArrays.ChainedVector) @ SentinelArrays IWillNotTellYouMyDriveLetter:\SomeRandomUser\.julia\packages\SentinelArrays\V85ev\src\chainedvector.jl:388
copyto!(dest::PermutedDimsArray, src::AbstractArray) @ Base.PermutedDimsArrays permuteddimsarray.jl:234

Possible fix, define
  copyto!(::PermutedDimsArray{T, 1} where T, ::SentinelArrays.ChainedVector)

Ambiguity #9
copyto!(dest::AbstractVector, src::SentinelArrays.ChainedVector) @ SentinelArrays IWillNotTellYouMyDriveLetter:\SomeRandomUser\.julia\packages\SentinelArrays\V85ev\src\chainedvector.jl:388
copyto!(dest::PermutedDimsArray{T, N}, src::AbstractArray{T, N}) where {T, N} @ Base.PermutedDimsArrays permuteddimsarray.jl:230

Possible fix, define
  copyto!(::PermutedDimsArray{T, 1}, ::SentinelArrays.ChainedVector{T, A} where A<:AbstractVector{T}) where T

Ambiguity #10
defalg(::AbstractArray{<:Union{Missing, InlineStrings.String1, InlineStrings.String15, InlineStrings.String3, InlineStrings.String7}}) @ InlineStrings IWillNotTellYouMyDriveLetter:\SomeRandomUser\.julia\packages\InlineStrings\79NvI\src\InlineStrings.jl:892
defalg(v::AbstractArray{<:Union{Missing, Number}}) @ Base.Sort sort.jl:1350

Possible fix, define
  defalg(::AbstractArray{<:Missing})

Ambiguity #11
findall(f::Function, x::SentinelArrays.ChainedVector) @ SentinelArrays IWillNotTellYouMyDriveLetter:\SomeRandomUser\.julia\packages\SentinelArrays\V85ev\src\chainedvector.jl:913
findall(pred::Base.Fix2{typeof(in)}, x::AbstractArray) @ Base array.jl:2617

Possible fix, define
  findall(::Base.Fix2{typeof(in)}, ::SentinelArrays.ChainedVector)

Ambiguity #12
reduce(op::OP, x::SentinelArrays.ChainedVector) where OP @ SentinelArrays IWillNotTellYouMyDriveLetter:\SomeRandomUser\.julia\packages\SentinelArrays\V85ev\src\chainedvector.jl:785
reduce(::typeof(vcat), A::AbstractVector{<:AbstractVecOrMat}) @ Base abstractarray.jl:1718

Possible fix, define
  reduce(::typeof(vcat), ::SentinelArrays.ChainedVector{T, A} where {T<:(AbstractVecOrMat), A<:AbstractVector{T}})

Ambiguity #13
reduce(op::OP, x::SentinelArrays.ChainedVector) where OP @ SentinelArrays IWillNotTellYouMyDriveLetter:\SomeRandomUser\.julia\packages\SentinelArrays\V85ev\src\chainedvector.jl:785
reduce(::typeof(hcat), A::AbstractVector{<:AbstractVecOrMat}) @ Base abstractarray.jl:1721

Possible fix, define
  reduce(::typeof(hcat), ::SentinelArrays.ChainedVector{T, A} where {T<:(AbstractVecOrMat), A<:AbstractVector{T}})

Ambiguity #14
reshape(s::StructArrays.StructArray{T}, d::Tuple{Vararg{Union{Colon, Integer}}}) where T @ StructArrays IWillNotTellYouMyDriveLetter:\SomeRandomUser\.julia\packages\StructArrays\CjQ4L\src\structarray.jl:471
reshape(parent::AbstractArray, shp::Tuple{Union{Integer, Base.OneTo}, Vararg{Union{Integer, Base.OneTo}}}) @ Base reshapedarray.jl:111

Possible fix, define
  reshape(::StructArrays.StructArray{T}, ::Tuple{Integer, Vararg{Integer}}) where T

Ambiguity #15
similar(s::StructArrays.StructArray, S::Type, sz::Tuple{Union{Integer, AbstractUnitRange}, Vararg{Union{Integer, AbstractUnitRange}}}) @ StructArrays IWillNotTellYouMyDriveLetter:\SomeRandomUser\.julia\packages\StructArrays\CjQ4L\src\structarray.jl:297
similar(a::AbstractArray, ::Type{T}, dims::Tuple{Integer, Vararg{Integer}}) where T @ Base abstractarray.jl:840

Possible fix, define
  similar(::StructArrays.StructArray, ::Type{T}, ::Tuple{Integer, Vararg{Integer}}) where T

Ambiguity #16
similar(s::StructArrays.StructArray, S::Type, sz::Tuple{Union{Integer, Base.OneTo}, Vararg{Union{Integer, Base.OneTo}}}) @ StructArrays IWillNotTellYouMyDriveLetter:\SomeRandomUser\.julia\packages\StructArrays\CjQ4L\src\structarray.jl:297        
similar(a::AbstractArray, ::Type{T}, dims::Tuple{Integer, Vararg{Integer}}) where T @ Base abstractarray.jl:840

Possible fix, define
  similar(::StructArrays.StructArray, ::Type{T}, ::Tuple{Integer, Vararg{Integer}}) where T

```

But when I test only on my package it says:

```julia
julia> @testset "aqua test ambiguities" begin
           Aqua.test_ambiguities(SPHExample)
       end
Test Summary: | Pass Total Time
aqua test ambiguities | 1 1 6.4s
Test.DefaultTestSet("aqua test ambiguities", Any[], 1, false, false, true, 1.723806076676e9, 1.723806083029e9, false, "REPL[79]")

```

So I am a bit unsure on what to do and how to proceed?

I guess my question is more: does this impact the performance of my code, if yes, how can I resolve it from my code?

Kind regards

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![JeffreySarnoff](https://sea2.discourse-cdn.com/julialang/user_avatar/discourse.julialang.org/jeffreysarnoff/32/1980_2.png) [@JeffreySarnoff](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/JeffreySarnoff)\
**Post date:** [August 16, 2024, 11:18am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-fix-ambiguities-found-through-aqua-jl/118269/2 "2024-08-16T11:18:38Z")

</div>

I found that following the advice given with _Possible fix, define_ works well … (I use a separate file, “aqua.jl” and include it last).

[the rest is an informal suggestion]  
Then rerunning Aqua will let you know if there remain additional possible fixes – if so, add them.) If ambiguates still persist – look deeper at the clashes for guidance in making them disappear. Many ambiguities that Aqua finds arise from not-your-code (at least in half part). Do not be overly concerned about those, easily resolved, cases.

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Ahmed\_Salih](https://sea2.discourse-cdn.com/julialang/user_avatar/discourse.julialang.org/ahmed_salih/32/206579_2.png) [@Ahmed\_Salih](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Ahmed_Salih)\
**Post date:** [August 16, 2024, 11:22am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-fix-ambiguities-found-through-aqua-jl/118269/3 "2024-08-16T11:22:46Z")

</div>

That is actually a really nice suggestion!

So I got the part about making a file `aqua.jl`, defining the methods and then `include` it last.

Apologize if a basic question, but how would you for example do this one though?

```julia
16 ambiguities found. To get a list, set `broken = false`.
Ambiguity #1
<(a::SentinelArrays.ChainedVectorIndex, b::Integer)
<(i::Integer, x::BigInt) @ Base.GMP gmp.jl:737

Possible fix, define
  <(::SentinelArrays.ChainedVectorIndex, ::BigInt)

```

I understand the concept as:

```julia
#file: aqua.jl

Base.<(::SentinelArrays.ChainedVectorIndex, ::BigInt) #= ? - What should be here, or am I misunderstanding something?

```

Kind regards

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![Ahmed\_Salih](https://sea2.discourse-cdn.com/julialang/user_avatar/discourse.julialang.org/ahmed_salih/32/206579_2.png) [@Ahmed\_Salih](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Ahmed_Salih)\
**Post date:** [August 16, 2024, 12:58pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-fix-ambiguities-found-through-aqua-jl/118269/4 "2024-08-16T12:58:09Z")

</div>

After a bit of a chat with ChatGPT, I found this:

```julia
#https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-fix-ambiguities-found-through-aqua-jl/118269/2

using SentinelArrays
using StructArrays: StructArray
using InlineStrings

# Resolving ambiguity #1
Base.:<(a::SentinelArrays.ChainedVectorIndex, b::BigInt) = <(Int(a), b)

# Resolving ambiguity #2
Base.:<(a::BigInt, b::SentinelArrays.ChainedVectorIndex) = <(a, Int(b))

# Resolving ambiguity #3
Base.:<=(a::BigInt, b::SentinelArrays.ChainedVectorIndex) = <=(a, Int(b))

# Resolving ambiguity #4
Base.:<=(a::SentinelArrays.ChainedVectorIndex, b::BigInt) = <=(Int(a), b)

# Resolving ambiguity #5
Base.:(==)(a::SentinelArrays.ChainedVectorIndex, b::BigInt) = ==(BigInt(a), b)

# Resolving ambiguity #6
Base.:(==)(a::BigInt, b::SentinelArrays.ChainedVectorIndex) = ==(a, BigInt(b))

# Resolving ambiguity #8
Base.copyto!(dest::PermutedDimsArray{T, 1}, src::SentinelArrays.ChainedVector) where T = Base.copyto!(dest, collect(src))

# Resolving ambiguity #9
Base.copyto!(dest::PermutedDimsArray{T, 1}, src::SentinelArrays.ChainedVector{T, A} where A<:AbstractVector{T}) where T = Base.copyto!(dest, collect(src))

# Resolving ambiguity #12
Base.reduce(::typeof(vcat), x::SentinelArrays.ChainedVector{T, A} where {T<:(AbstractVecOrMat), A<:AbstractVector{T}}) = Base.reduce(vcat, collect(x))

# Resolving ambiguity #13
Base.reduce(::typeof(hcat), x::SentinelArrays.ChainedVector{T, A} where {T<:(AbstractVecOrMat), A<:AbstractVector{T}}) = Base.reduce(hcat, collect(x))

# Resolving ambiguity #14
Base.reshape(s::StructArray{T}, d::Tuple{Integer, Vararg{Integer}}) where T = Base.reshape(collect(s), d)

# Resolving ambiguity #15
Base.similar(s::StructArray, S::Type, sz::Tuple{Integer, Vararg{Integer}}) = Base.similar(collect(s), S, sz)

# Resolving Ambiguity #1
Base.Broadcast.broadcasted(::Base.Broadcast.BroadcastStyle, f::F, A::SentinelArrays.ChainedVector) where {F} = Base.Broadcast.broadcasted(f, collect(A))

# Resolving Ambiguity #2
Base.Broadcast.broadcasted(::Type{InlineStrings.InlineString}, A::SentinelArrays.ChainedVector) = Base.Broadcast.broadcasted(InlineStrings.InlineString, collect(A))

# Resolving Ambiguity #3
Base.Sort.defalg(::AbstractArray{<:Missing}) = Base.Sort.defalg(collect(Missing[]))

# Correct way to resolve the ambiguity
Base.Broadcast.broadcasted(::F1, ::F2) where {F1<:Base.Broadcast.BroadcastStyle, F2<:SentinelArrays.ChainedVector} = Base.Broadcast.broadcasted(F1, collect(F2))

# Resolving Ambiguity #4
Base.findall(pred::Base.Fix2{typeof(in)}, x::SentinelArrays.ChainedVector) = Base.findall(pred, collect(x))

```

Which turns out:

```julia
julia> @testset "aqua test ambiguities" begin
           Aqua.test_ambiguities([SPHExample, Core, Base])
       end
Skipping Base.active_repl
Skipping Base.active_repl_backend
Test Summary: | Pass Total Time
aqua test ambiguities | 1 1 4.3s
Test.DefaultTestSet("aqua test ambiguities", Any[], 1, false, false, true, 1.723812839725e9, 1.723812844051e9, false, "REPL[3]")

```

Which is great, but now it errors out on type piracy… so seems like no easy way out?

Kind regards

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![kellertuer](https://sea2.discourse-cdn.com/julialang/user_avatar/discourse.julialang.org/kellertuer/32/220707_2.png) [@kellertuer](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/kellertuer)\
**Post date:** [August 16, 2024, 1:03pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-fix-ambiguities-found-through-aqua-jl/118269/5 "2024-08-16T13:03:24Z")

</div>

> [@Ahmed\_Salih](#):
>
> `<(i::Integer, x::BigInt) @ Base.GMP gmp.jl:737`

You had your type piracy already before you started to resolve the ambiguities, see the one I quotes. Neither BigInt nor Integer are your types.