# How to debug internal runtime error?

**URL:** <https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-debug-internal-runtime-error/73511>\
**Category:** General Usage\
**Tags:** inference, error, makie\
**Created:** [December 22, 2021, 11:12pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-debug-internal-runtime-error/73511 "2021-12-22T23:12:53Z")\
**Posts on this page:** 5\
**Page:** 1

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![grahamas](https://sea2.discourse-cdn.com/julialang/user_avatar/discourse.julialang.org/grahamas/32/3401_2.png) [@grahamas](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/grahamas)\
**Post date:** [December 22, 2021, 11:12pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-debug-internal-runtime-error/73511/1 "2021-12-22T23:12:53Z")

</div>

Can anyone point me to how to find the source of a runtime error? Meaning, is there some tool I can use to interrogate this, like I would with `@code_typed` or a debugger, if it weren’t a runtime error?

I’m struggling to pin this one down enough to make an MWE.

The final non-inference line in the stack trace is the first line of the below function, but that function is widely used, so I don’t really see how that line could be causing the problem. Indeed, when I call that same function in the REPL, no error. Similarly, when I pull the offending line out of `with_theme` to be called in the same context as the original error, but just before I call `with_theme` (so `Makie.current_default_theme()` returns the same), the error still isn’t triggered until inside `with_theme`.

Other than following the stack trace and trying to create the same circumstances (which I’ve done as far as I can see), I’m at a loss.

Offending function:

```julia
function with_theme(f, theme = Theme(); kwargs...)
    previous_theme = Makie.current_default_theme() ## offending line
    try
        set_theme!(theme; kwargs...)
        f()
    catch e
        rethrow(e)
    finally
        set_theme!(previous_theme)
    end
end

```

Stack trace in v1.7

```julia
Internal error: encountered unexpected error in runtime:
TypeError(func=:<:, context="", expected=Type, got=P)
jl_type_error_rt at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/rtutils.c:119
jl_type_error at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/rtutils.c:127
jl_f_issubtype at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/builtins.c:491
apply_type_nothrow at ./compiler/tfuncs.jl:1245
_builtin_nothrow at ./compiler/tfuncs.jl:1566
stmt_effect_free at ./compiler/ssair/queries.jl:36
check_effect_free! at ./compiler/ssair/inlining.jl:1128 [inlined]
process_simple! at ./compiler/ssair/inlining.jl:1185
assemble_inline_todo! at ./compiler/ssair/inlining.jl:1358
ssa_inlining_pass! at ./compiler/ssair/inlining.jl:80
jfptr_ssa_inlining_passNOT._9700.clone_1 at /home/graham/.local/opt/julia-1.7.0/lib/julia/sys.so (unknown line)
_jl_invoke at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2247 [inlined]
jl_apply_generic at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2429
run_passes at ./compiler/optimize.jl:307
optimize at ./compiler/optimize.jl:296 [inlined]
_typeinf at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:255
typeinf at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:209
typeinf_edge at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:823 [inlined]
abstract_call_method at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:504
abstract_call_gf_by_type at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:105
abstract_call_known at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1342
abstract_call at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1397
abstract_call at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1382
abstract_eval_statement at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1534
typeinf_local at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1918
typeinf_nocycle at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:2014
_typeinf at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:226
typeinf at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:209
typeinf_edge at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:823 [inlined]
abstract_call_method at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:504
abstract_call_gf_by_type at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:105
abstract_call_known at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1342
abstract_call at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1397
abstract_call at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1382
abstract_eval_statement at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1534
typeinf_local at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1900
typeinf_nocycle at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:2014
_typeinf at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:226
typeinf at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:209
typeinf_edge at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:823 [inlined]
abstract_call_method at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:504
abstract_call_gf_by_type at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:105
abstract_call_known at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1342
abstract_call at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1397
abstract_call at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1382
abstract_eval_statement at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1534
typeinf_local at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1900
typeinf_nocycle at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:2014
_typeinf at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:226
typeinf at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:209
typeinf_edge at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:823 [inlined]
abstract_call_method at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:504
abstract_call_gf_by_type at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:105
abstract_call at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1395
abstract_call at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1382
abstract_eval_statement at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1534
typeinf_local at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1900
typeinf_nocycle at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:2014
_typeinf at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:226
typeinf at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:209
typeinf_ext at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:909
typeinf_ext_toplevel at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:942
typeinf_ext_toplevel at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:938
jfptr_typeinf_ext_toplevel_9887.clone_1 at /home/graham/.local/opt/julia-1.7.0/lib/julia/sys.so (unknown line)
_jl_invoke at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2247 [inlined]
jl_apply_generic at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2429
jl_apply at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/julia.h:1788 [inlined]
jl_type_infer at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:295
jl_generate_fptr at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/jitlayers.cpp:338
jl_compile_method_internal at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:1980
jl_compile_method_internal at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2246 [inlined]
_jl_invoke at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2239 [inlined]
jl_apply_generic at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2429
with_theme at /home/graham/.julia/packages/Makie/gQOQF/src/theming.jl:139
unknown function (ip: 0x7f763e23f8b1)
_jl_invoke at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2247 [inlined]
jl_apply_generic at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2429
#fig_5_nullclines_differing_failure#46 at /home/graham/git/FailureOfInhibition2021/scripts/fig_5_nullclines_differing_failure.jl:80
unknown function (ip: 0x7f763e2095f3)
_jl_invoke at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2247 [inlined]
jl_apply_generic at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2429
fig_5_nullclines_differing_failure##kw at /home/graham/git/FailureOfInhibition2021/scripts/fig_5_nullclines_differing_failure.jl:65
unknown function (ip: 0x7f763e1e015d)
_jl_invoke at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2247 [inlined]
jl_apply_generic at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2429
jl_apply at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/julia.h:1788 [inlined]
do_call at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/interpreter.c:126
eval_value at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/interpreter.c:215
eval_stmt_value at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/interpreter.c:166 [inlined]
eval_body at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/interpreter.c:587
jl_interpret_toplevel_thunk at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/interpreter.c:731
top-level scope at /home/graham/git/FailureOfInhibition2021/scripts/fig_5_nullclines_differing_failure.jl:117
jl_toplevel_eval_flex at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/toplevel.c:885
jl_toplevel_eval_flex at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/toplevel.c:830
jl_toplevel_eval_in at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/toplevel.c:944
eval at ./boot.jl:373 [inlined]
include_string at ./loading.jl:1196
include_string at ./loading.jl:1206
_jl_invoke at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2247 [inlined]
jl_apply_generic at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2429
jl_apply at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/julia.h:1788 [inlined]
jl_f__call_latest at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/builtins.c:757
_jl_invoke at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2247 [inlined]
jl_apply_generic at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2429
jl_apply at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/julia.h:1788 [inlined]
do_apply at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/builtins.c:713
#invokelatest#2 at ./essentials.jl:716
_jl_invoke at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2247 [inlined]
jl_apply_generic at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2429
jl_apply at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/julia.h:1788 [inlined]
do_apply at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/builtins.c:713
invokelatest at ./essentials.jl:714
_jl_invoke at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2247 [inlined]
jl_apply_generic at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2429
jl_apply at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/julia.h:1788 [inlined]
do_apply at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/builtins.c:713
#inlineeval#65 at /home/graham/.vscode/extensions/julialang.language-julia-1.5.8/scripts/packages/VSCodeServer/src/eval.jl:211
inlineeval##kw at /home/graham/.vscode/extensions/julialang.language-julia-1.5.8/scripts/packages/VSCodeServer/src/eval.jl:209 [inlined]
#60 at /home/graham/.vscode/extensions/julialang.language-julia-1.5.8/scripts/packages/VSCodeServer/src/eval.jl:155
withpath at /home/graham/.vscode/extensions/julialang.language-julia-1.5.8/scripts/packages/VSCodeServer/src/repl.jl:185
#59 at /home/graham/.vscode/extensions/julialang.language-julia-1.5.8/scripts/packages/VSCodeServer/src/eval.jl:153
hideprompt at /home/graham/.vscode/extensions/julialang.language-julia-1.5.8/scripts/packages/VSCodeServer/src/repl.jl:36
#58 at /home/graham/.vscode/extensions/julialang.language-julia-1.5.8/scripts/packages/VSCodeServer/src/eval.jl:124
unknown function (ip: 0x7f769da3df8f)
_jl_invoke at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2247 [inlined]
jl_apply_generic at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2429
with_logstate at ./logging.jl:511
with_logger at ./logging.jl:623 [inlined]
#57 at /home/graham/.vscode/extensions/julialang.language-julia-1.5.8/scripts/packages/VSCodeServer/src/eval.jl:201
unknown function (ip: 0x7f769da3c20f)
_jl_invoke at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2247 [inlined]
jl_apply_generic at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2429
jl_apply at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/julia.h:1788 [inlined]
jl_f__call_latest at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/builtins.c:757
#invokelatest#2 at ./essentials.jl:716 [inlined]
invokelatest at ./essentials.jl:714
_jl_invoke at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2247 [inlined]
jl_apply_generic at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2429
jl_apply at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/julia.h:1788 [inlined]
do_apply at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/builtins.c:713
macro expansion at /home/graham/.vscode/extensions/julialang.language-julia-1.5.8/scripts/packages/VSCodeServer/src/eval.jl:34 [inlined]
#55 at ./task.jl:423
unknown function (ip: 0x7f769d9fe0af)
_jl_invoke at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2247 [inlined]
jl_apply_generic at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2429
jl_apply at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/julia.h:1788 [inlined]
start_task at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/task.c:877

```

Stack trace on master:

```julia
Internal error: encountered unexpected error in runtime:
TypeError(func=:<:, context="", expected=Type, got=P)
ijl_type_error_rt at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/rtutils.c:119
ijl_type_error at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/rtutils.c:127
jl_f_issubtype at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/builtins.c:491
apply_type_nothrow at ./compiler/tfuncs.jl:1199
_builtin_nothrow at ./compiler/tfuncs.jl:1533
stmt_effect_free at ./compiler/optimize.jl:224
check_effect_free! at ./compiler/ssair/inlining.jl:1060 [inlined]
process_simple! at ./compiler/ssair/inlining.jl:1116
assemble_inline_todo! at ./compiler/ssair/inlining.jl:1290
ssa_inlining_pass! at ./compiler/ssair/inlining.jl:77
jfptr_ssa_inlining_passNOT._10138.clone_1 at /home/graham/.local/opt/julia-latest/lib/julia/sys.so (unknown line)
_jl_invoke at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2304 [inlined]
ijl_apply_generic at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2486
run_passes at ./compiler/optimize.jl:445
optimize at ./compiler/optimize.jl:436 [inlined]
_typeinf at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:255
typeinf at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:209
typeinf_edge at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:826 [inlined]
abstract_call_method at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:570
abstract_call_gf_by_type at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:117
abstract_call_known at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1487
abstract_call at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1543
abstract_call at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1525
abstract_eval_statement at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1664
typeinf_local at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:2053
typeinf_nocycle at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:2149
_typeinf at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:226
typeinf at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:209
typeinf_edge at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:826 [inlined]
abstract_call_method at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:570
abstract_call_gf_by_type at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:117
abstract_call_known at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1487
abstract_call at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1543
abstract_call at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1525
abstract_eval_statement at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1664
typeinf_local at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:2033
typeinf_nocycle at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:2149
_typeinf at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:226
typeinf at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:209
typeinf_edge at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:826 [inlined]
abstract_call_method at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:570
abstract_call_gf_by_type at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:117
abstract_call_known at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1487
abstract_call at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1543
abstract_call at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1525
abstract_eval_statement at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1664
typeinf_local at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:2033
typeinf_nocycle at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:2149
_typeinf at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:226
typeinf at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:209
typeinf_edge at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:826 [inlined]
abstract_call_method at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:570
abstract_call_gf_by_type at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:117
abstract_call at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1541
abstract_call at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1525
abstract_eval_statement at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1664
typeinf_local at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:2033
typeinf_nocycle at ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:2149
_typeinf at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:226
typeinf at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:209
typeinf_ext at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:907
typeinf_ext_toplevel at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:940
typeinf_ext_toplevel at ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:936
jfptr_typeinf_ext_toplevel_16897.clone_1 at /home/graham/.local/opt/julia-latest/lib/julia/sys.so (unknown line)
_jl_invoke at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2304 [inlined]
ijl_apply_generic at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2486
jl_apply at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/julia.h:1789 [inlined]
jl_type_infer at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:295
jl_generate_fptr_impl at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/jitlayers.cpp:301
jl_compile_method_internal at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2020
_jl_invoke at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2296 [inlined]
ijl_apply_generic at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2486
with_theme at /home/graham/.julia/packages/Makie/gQOQF/src/theming.jl:139
unknown function (ip: 0x7f833009bf61)
_jl_invoke at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2304 [inlined]
ijl_apply_generic at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2486
#fig_5_nullclines_differing_failure#46 at /home/graham/git/FailureOfInhibition2021/scripts/fig_5_nullclines_differing_failure.jl:80
unknown function (ip: 0x7f833005f893)
_jl_invoke at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2304 [inlined]
ijl_apply_generic at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2486
fig_5_nullclines_differing_failure##kw at /home/graham/git/FailureOfInhibition2021/scripts/fig_5_nullclines_differing_failure.jl:65
unknown function (ip: 0x7f83300371ad)
_jl_invoke at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2304 [inlined]
ijl_apply_generic at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2486
jl_apply at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/julia.h:1789 [inlined]
do_call at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/interpreter.c:126
eval_value at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/interpreter.c:215
eval_stmt_value at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/interpreter.c:166 [inlined]
eval_body at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/interpreter.c:612
jl_interpret_toplevel_thunk at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/interpreter.c:744
top-level scope at /home/graham/git/FailureOfInhibition2021/scripts/fig_5_nullclines_differing_failure.jl:117
jl_toplevel_eval_flex at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/toplevel.c:888
jl_toplevel_eval_flex at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/toplevel.c:832
ijl_toplevel_eval_in at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/toplevel.c:947
eval at ./boot.jl:368 [inlined]
include_string at ./loading.jl:1251
include_string at ./loading.jl:1261
_jl_invoke at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2304 [inlined]
ijl_apply_generic at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2486
jl_apply at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/julia.h:1789 [inlined]
jl_f__call_latest at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/builtins.c:757
_jl_invoke at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2304 [inlined]
ijl_apply_generic at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2486
jl_apply at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/julia.h:1789 [inlined]
do_apply at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/builtins.c:713
#invokelatest#2 at ./essentials.jl:731
_jl_invoke at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2304 [inlined]
ijl_apply_generic at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2486
jl_apply at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/julia.h:1789 [inlined]
do_apply at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/builtins.c:713
invokelatest at ./essentials.jl:729
_jl_invoke at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2304 [inlined]
ijl_apply_generic at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2486
jl_apply at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/julia.h:1789 [inlined]
do_apply at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/builtins.c:713
#inlineeval#65 at /home/graham/.vscode/extensions/julialang.language-julia-1.5.8/scripts/packages/VSCodeServer/src/eval.jl:211
inlineeval##kw at /home/graham/.vscode/extensions/julialang.language-julia-1.5.8/scripts/packages/VSCodeServer/src/eval.jl:209 [inlined]
#60 at /home/graham/.vscode/extensions/julialang.language-julia-1.5.8/scripts/packages/VSCodeServer/src/eval.jl:155
withpath at /home/graham/.vscode/extensions/julialang.language-julia-1.5.8/scripts/packages/VSCodeServer/src/repl.jl:185
#59 at /home/graham/.vscode/extensions/julialang.language-julia-1.5.8/scripts/packages/VSCodeServer/src/eval.jl:153
hideprompt at /home/graham/.vscode/extensions/julialang.language-julia-1.5.8/scripts/packages/VSCodeServer/src/repl.jl:36
#58 at /home/graham/.vscode/extensions/julialang.language-julia-1.5.8/scripts/packages/VSCodeServer/src/eval.jl:124
unknown function (ip: 0x7f834461ea2f)
_jl_invoke at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2304 [inlined]
ijl_apply_generic at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2486
with_logstate at ./logging.jl:511
with_logger at ./logging.jl:623 [inlined]
#57 at /home/graham/.vscode/extensions/julialang.language-julia-1.5.8/scripts/packages/VSCodeServer/src/eval.jl:201
unknown function (ip: 0x7f834461ce2f)
_jl_invoke at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2304 [inlined]
ijl_apply_generic at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2486
jl_apply at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/julia.h:1789 [inlined]
jl_f__call_latest at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/builtins.c:757
#invokelatest#2 at ./essentials.jl:731 [inlined]
invokelatest at ./essentials.jl:729
unknown function (ip: 0x7f8344615c32)
_jl_invoke at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2304 [inlined]
ijl_apply_generic at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2486
jl_apply at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/julia.h:1789 [inlined]
do_apply at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/builtins.c:713
macro expansion at /home/graham/.vscode/extensions/julialang.language-julia-1.5.8/scripts/packages/VSCodeServer/src/eval.jl:34 [inlined]
#55 at ./task.jl:466
unknown function (ip: 0x7f83445968df)
_jl_invoke at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2304 [inlined]
ijl_apply_generic at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/gf.c:2486
jl_apply at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/julia.h:1789 [inlined]
start_task at /buildworker/worker/package_linux64/build/src/task.c:924

```

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![grahamas](https://sea2.discourse-cdn.com/julialang/user_avatar/discourse.julialang.org/grahamas/32/3401_2.png) [@grahamas](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/grahamas)\
**Post date:** [December 22, 2021, 11:19pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-debug-internal-runtime-error/73511/2 "2021-12-22T23:19:21Z")

</div>

I’ve come to the maybe-obvious conclusion that the offending line is not actually the indicated one, but the following one, which involves the anonymous function `f`, and I’ve narrowed it down to which variable in which line of that anonymous function causes the error. That variable is itself a complicated anonymous function, so the search continues.

I also tried looking at the typed code of the call to `with_theme` (to see if `code_typed` would error, too) and get the error:

```julia
ERROR: LoadError: TypeError: in <:, expected Type, got a value of type TypeVar
Stacktrace:
  [1] apply_type_nothrow(argtypes::Vector{Any}, rt::Any)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/tfuncs.jl:1199
  [2] _builtin_nothrow(f::Any, argtypes::Vector{Any}, rt::Any)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/tfuncs.jl:1533
  [3] stmt_effect_free(stmt::Any, rt::Any, src::Core.Compiler.IRCode)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/optimize.jl:224
  [4] check_effect_free!
    @ ./compiler/ssair/inlining.jl:1060 [inlined]
  [5] process_simple!(ir::Core.Compiler.IRCode, idx::Int64, state::Core.Compiler.InliningState{Core.Compiler.EdgeTracker, Core.Compiler.WorldView{Core.Compiler.InternalCodeCache}, Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter}, todo::Vector{Pair{Int64, Any}})
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/ssair/inlining.jl:1116
  [6] assemble_inline_todo!(ir::Core.Compiler.IRCode, state::Core.Compiler.InliningState{Core.Compiler.EdgeTracker, Core.Compiler.WorldView{Core.Compiler.InternalCodeCache}, Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter})
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/ssair/inlining.jl:1290
  [7] ssa_inlining_pass!(ir::Core.Compiler.IRCode, linetable::Vector{Core.LineInfoNode}, state::Core.Compiler.InliningState{Core.Compiler.EdgeTracker, Core.Compiler.WorldView{Core.Compiler.InternalCodeCache}, Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter}, propagate_inbounds::Bool)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/ssair/inlining.jl:77
  [8] run_passes(ci::Core.CodeInfo, sv::Core.Compiler.OptimizationState)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/optimize.jl:445
  [9] optimize
    @ ./compiler/optimize.jl:436 [inlined]
 [10] _typeinf(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, frame::Core.Compiler.InferenceState)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:255
 [11] typeinf(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, frame::Core.Compiler.InferenceState)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:209
 [12] typeinf_edge
    @ ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:826 [inlined]
 [13] abstract_call_method(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, method::Method, sig::Any, sparams::Core.SimpleVector, hardlimit::Bool, sv::Core.Compiler.InferenceState)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:570
 [14] abstract_call_gf_by_type(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, f::Any, arginfo::Core.Compiler.ArgInfo, atype::Any, sv::Core.Compiler.InferenceState, max_methods::Int64)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:117
 [15] abstract_call_known(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, f::Any, arginfo::Core.Compiler.ArgInfo, sv::Core.Compiler.InferenceState, max_methods::Int64)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1487
 [16] abstract_call(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, arginfo::Core.Compiler.ArgInfo, sv::Core.Compiler.InferenceState, max_methods::Int64)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1543
 [17] abstract_call(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, arginfo::Core.Compiler.ArgInfo, sv::Core.Compiler.InferenceState)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1525
 [18] abstract_eval_statement(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, e::Any, vtypes::Vector{Core.Compiler.VarState}, sv::Core.Compiler.InferenceState)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1664
 [19] typeinf_local(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, frame::Core.Compiler.InferenceState)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:2053
 [20] typeinf_nocycle(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, frame::Core.Compiler.InferenceState)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:2149
 [21] _typeinf(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, frame::Core.Compiler.InferenceState)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:226
 [22] typeinf(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, frame::Core.Compiler.InferenceState)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:209
 [23] typeinf_edge
    @ ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:826 [inlined]
 [24] abstract_call_method(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, method::Method, sig::Any, sparams::Core.SimpleVector, hardlimit::Bool, sv::Core.Compiler.InferenceState)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:570
 [25] abstract_call_gf_by_type(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, f::Any, arginfo::Core.Compiler.ArgInfo, atype::Any, sv::Core.Compiler.InferenceState, max_methods::Int64)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:117
 [26] abstract_call_known(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, f::Any, arginfo::Core.Compiler.ArgInfo, sv::Core.Compiler.InferenceState, max_methods::Int64)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1487
 [27] abstract_call(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, arginfo::Core.Compiler.ArgInfo, sv::Core.Compiler.InferenceState, max_methods::Int64)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1543
 [28] abstract_call(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, arginfo::Core.Compiler.ArgInfo, sv::Core.Compiler.InferenceState)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1525
 [29] abstract_eval_statement(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, e::Any, vtypes::Vector{Core.Compiler.VarState}, sv::Core.Compiler.InferenceState)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1664
 [30] typeinf_local(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, frame::Core.Compiler.InferenceState)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:2033
--- the last 11 lines are repeated 1 more time ---
 [42] typeinf_nocycle(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, frame::Core.Compiler.InferenceState)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:2149
 [43] _typeinf(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, frame::Core.Compiler.InferenceState)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:226
 [44] typeinf(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, frame::Core.Compiler.InferenceState)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:209
 [45] typeinf_edge
    @ ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:826 [inlined]
 [46] abstract_call_method(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, method::Method, sig::Any, sparams::Core.SimpleVector, hardlimit::Bool, sv::Core.Compiler.InferenceState)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:570
 [47] abstract_call_gf_by_type(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, f::Any, arginfo::Core.Compiler.ArgInfo, atype::Any, sv::Core.Compiler.InferenceState, max_methods::Int64)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:117
 [48] abstract_call(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, arginfo::Core.Compiler.ArgInfo, sv::Core.Compiler.InferenceState, max_methods::Int64)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1541
 [49] abstract_call(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, arginfo::Core.Compiler.ArgInfo, sv::Core.Compiler.InferenceState)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1525
 [50] abstract_eval_statement(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, e::Any, vtypes::Vector{Core.Compiler.VarState}, sv::Core.Compiler.InferenceState)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1664
 [51] typeinf_local(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, frame::Core.Compiler.InferenceState)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:2033
 [52] typeinf_nocycle(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, frame::Core.Compiler.InferenceState)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:2149
 [53] _typeinf(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, frame::Core.Compiler.InferenceState)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:226
 [54] typeinf(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, frame::Core.Compiler.InferenceState)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:209
 [55] typeinf_edge
    @ ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:826 [inlined]
 [56] abstract_call_method(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, method::Method, sig::Any, sparams::Core.SimpleVector, hardlimit::Bool, sv::Core.Compiler.InferenceState)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:570
 [57] abstract_call_gf_by_type(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, f::Any, arginfo::Core.Compiler.ArgInfo, atype::Any, sv::Core.Compiler.InferenceState, max_methods::Int64)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:117
 [58] abstract_call_known(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, f::Any, arginfo::Core.Compiler.ArgInfo, sv::Core.Compiler.InferenceState, max_methods::Int64)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1487
 [59] abstract_call(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, arginfo::Core.Compiler.ArgInfo, sv::Core.Compiler.InferenceState, max_methods::Int64)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1543
 [60] abstract_call(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, arginfo::Core.Compiler.ArgInfo, sv::Core.Compiler.InferenceState)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1525
 [61] abstract_eval_statement(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, e::Any, vtypes::Vector{Core.Compiler.VarState}, sv::Core.Compiler.InferenceState)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:1664
 [62] typeinf_local(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, frame::Core.Compiler.InferenceState)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:2053
 [63] typeinf_nocycle(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, frame::Core.Compiler.InferenceState)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl:2149
 [64] _typeinf(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, frame::Core.Compiler.InferenceState)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:226
 [65] typeinf(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, frame::Core.Compiler.InferenceState)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:209
 [66] typeinf_code(interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter, method::Method, atype::Any, sparams::Core.SimpleVector, run_optimizer::Bool)
    @ Core.Compiler ./compiler/typeinfer.jl:848
 [67] code_typed_by_type(tt::Any; optimize::Bool, debuginfo::Symbol, world::UInt64, interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter)
    @ Base ./reflection.jl:1248
 [68] code_typed(f::Any, types::Any; optimize::Bool, debuginfo::Symbol, world::UInt64, interp::Core.Compiler.NativeInterpreter)
    @ Base ./reflection.jl:1204
 [69] code_typed
    @ ./reflection.jl:1191 [inlined]
 [70] macro expansion
    @ ~/.local/opt/julia-latest/share/julia/stdlib/v1.8/InteractiveUtils/src/macros.jl:222 [inlined]
 [71] fig_5_nullclines_differing_failure(; mods::NamedTuple{(:τ, :α, :aE, :firing_aI, :blocking_aI, :θE, :firing_θI, :blocking_θI), Tuple{Tuple{Float64, Float64}, Tuple{Float64, Float64}, Float64, Float64, Float64, Float64, Float64, Float64}}, saved_lb::Float64, saved_ub::Float64, saved_len::Int64, session_name::String, subset_range::IntervalSets.ClosedInterval{Float64}, name_mapping::Dict{Any, Function}, blocking_data::NamedTuple{(:fp_arr, :fp_axes, :nullcline_mods, :prototype_name), Tuple{NamedDimsArray{(:Aee, :Aei, :Aie, :Aii), Vector{Vector{Float64}}, 4, Array{Vector{Vector{Float64}}, 4}}, NamedTuple{(:Aee, :Aei, :Aie, :Aii), NTuple{4, Vector{Float64}}}, NamedTuple{(:n_lattice, :save_idxs, :save_on, :saveat, :τ, :α, :aE, :firing_aI, :blocking_aI, :θE, :firing_θI, :blocking_θI), Tuple{Int64, Nothing, Bool, Float64, Tuple{Float64, Float64}, Tuple{Float64, Float64}, Float64, Float64, Float64, Float64, Float64, Float64}}, String}}, monotonic_data::NamedTuple{(:fp_arr, :fp_axes, :nullcline_mods, :prototype_name), Tuple{NamedDimsArray{(:Aee, :Aei, :Aie, :Aii), Vector{Vector{Float64}}, 4, Array{Vector{Vector{Float64}}, 4}}, NamedTuple{(:Aee, :Aei, :Aie, :Aii), NTuple{4, Vector{Float64}}}, NamedTuple{(:n_lattice, :save_idxs, :save_on, :saveat, :τ, :α, :aE, :firing_aI, :blocking_aI, :θE, :firing_θI, :blocking_θI), Tuple{Int64, Nothing, Bool, Float64, Tuple{Float64, Float64}, Tuple{Float64, Float64}, Float64, Float64, Float64, Float64, Float64, Float64}}, String}}, blocking_fp_arr::NamedDimsArray{(:Aee, :Aei, :Aie, :Aii), Vector{Vector{Float64}}, 4, Array{Vector{Vector{Float64}}, 4}}, blocking_fp_axes::NamedTuple{(:Aee, :Aei, :Aie, :Aii), NTuple{4, Vector{Float64}}}, blocking_prototype_name::String, monotonic_fp_arr::NamedDimsArray{(:Aee, :Aei, :Aie, :Aii), Vector{Vector{Float64}}, 4, Array{Vector{Vector{Float64}}, 4}}, monotonic_fp_axes::NamedTuple{(:Aee, :Aei, :Aie, :Aii), NTuple{4, Vector{Float64}}}, monotonic_prototype_name::String, fp_axes_nt::Dict{Symbol, NamedTuple{(:Aee, :Aei, :Aie, :Aii), NTuple{4, Vector{Float64}}}}, fp_arr_nt::Dict{Symbol, NamedDimsArray{(:Aee, :Aei, :Aie, :Aii), Vector{Vector{Float64}}, 4, Array{Vector{Vector{Float64}}, 4}}}, nonl_types::Tuple{Symbol, Symbol}, prototype_name_nt::Dict{Symbol, String}, arrows_step::Float64, session_id::String, axis::NamedTuple{(:width, :height), Tuple{Int64, Int64}}, plots_subdir::String)
    @ Main ~/git/FailureOfInhibition2021/scripts/fig_5_nullclines_differing_failure.jl:80
in expression starting at /home/graham/git/FailureOfInhibition2021/scripts/fig_5_nullclines_differing_failure.jl:107

```

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![woclass](https://sea2.discourse-cdn.com/julialang/user_avatar/discourse.julialang.org/woclass/32/212699_2.png) [@woclass](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/woclass)\
**Post date:** [December 23, 2021, 12:46am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-debug-internal-runtime-error/73511/3 "2021-12-23T00:46:01Z")

</div>

Try Debugger.jl: `@enter`, you can execute it in a single step and see if it continues to trigger errors.

[https://github.com/JuliaDebug/Debugger.jl](https://github.com/JuliaDebug/Debugger.jl)

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![grahamas](https://sea2.discourse-cdn.com/julialang/user_avatar/discourse.julialang.org/grahamas/32/3401_2.png) [@grahamas](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/grahamas)\
**Post date:** [December 23, 2021, 6:36am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-debug-internal-runtime-error/73511/4 "2021-12-23T06:36:18Z")

</div>

The way I understand to use Debugger, I don’t think that will work, since the error is occurring in the runtime compiler. To get the error to happen, I would need to enter compiled mode, but then I wouldn’t be able to stop right before the error either.

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![thofma](https://sea2.discourse-cdn.com/julialang/user_avatar/discourse.julialang.org/thofma/32/1691_2.png) [@thofma](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/thofma)\
**Post date:** [December 23, 2021, 7:11am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-debug-internal-runtime-error/73511/5 "2021-12-23T07:11:02Z")

</div>

Maybe @aviatesk has an idea (since he has been working on the optimizer recently)?