The way you programmatically access properties is with getproperty, which accepts Symbols.
I.e., ColorSchemes.PiYG_1 === getproperty(ColorSchemes, :PiYG_1).
So you can do:
for i in 4:6
scheme = getproperty(ColorSchemes, Symbol("PiYG_$i"))
convertedimage_i = convert_to_scheme(scheme, img_rgb)
IJulia.display(convertedimage_i)
end