Great post! You researched everything very carefully.
I have only one substantive correction: in Julia's latency: Past, present and future, using Cthulhu’s @descend is now (IMO) significantly easier than @code_warntype; don’t forget that reading type-inferred code is basically reading a foreign language, and the new Cthulhu avoids the need by presenting results woven into the source code as written by the programmer.
Another small point is that the reasons you cite for our interpreter being slow are all true, but there’s another one: so much of Julia is written in Julia, it means there is much more to interpret. It’s very easy for Python to interpret call_c_because_I_do_all_real_work_in_C(args...).