# A question about Distances.jl
**URL:** https://discourse.julialang.org/t/a-question-about-distances-jl/76022
**Category:** General Usage
**Created:** [February 8, 2022, 1:22pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/a-question-about-distances-jl/76022 "2022-02-08T13:22:31Z")
**Posts on this page:** 20
**Page:** 1
### Author:  [@abcde](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/abcde)
#### Post date: [February 8, 2022, 1:22pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/a-question-about-distances-jl/76022/1 "2022-02-08T13:22:31Z")
this is my code:
```julia
using Distances
dm=pairwise(dist, X1, dims=2)
```
LoadError: UndefVarError: pairwise not defined
Stacktrace:
[1] \_kmeans!(X::Matrix{Float64}, weights::Nothing, centers::Matrix{Float64}, maxiter::Int64, tol::Float64, displevel::Int64, distance::Euclidean)
@ Clustering C:\Users\dell.julia\packages\Clustering\tt9vc\src\kmeans.jl:138
[2] kmeans!(X::Matrix{Float64}, centers::Matrix{Float64}; weights::Nothing, maxiter::Int64, tol::Float64, display::Symbol, distance::Euclidean)
@ Clustering C:\Users\dell.julia\packages\Clustering\tt9vc\src\kmeans.jl:70
[3] kmeans(X::Matrix{Float64}, k::Int64; weights::Nothing, init::Symbol, maxiter::Int64, tol::Float64, display::Symbol, distance::Euclidean)
@ Clustering C:\Users\dell.julia\packages\Clustering\tt9vc\src\kmeans.jl:112
[4] top-level scope
@ C:\Users\dell\Desktop\工程2\pca.jl:33
[5] eval
@ .\boot.jl:360 [inlined]
[6] include\_string(mapexpr::typeof(identity), mod::Module, code::String, filename::String)
@ Base .\loading.jl:1116
in expression starting at C:\Users\dell\Desktop\工程2\pca.jl:30
WARNING: both Distances and StatsBase export “pairwise”; uses of it in module Main must be qualified
LoadError: UndefVarError: pairwise not defined
Stacktrace:
[1] \_kmeans!(X::Matrix{Float64}, weights::Nothing, centers::Matrix{Float64}, maxiter::Int64, tol::Float64, displevel::Int64, distance::Euclidean)
@ Clustering C:\Users\dell.julia\packages\Clustering\tt9vc\src\kmeans.jl:138
[2] kmeans!(X::Matrix{Float64}, centers::Matrix{Float64}; weights::Nothing, maxiter::Int64, tol::Float64, display::Symbol, distance::Euclidean)
@ Clustering C:\Users\dell.julia\packages\Clustering\tt9vc\src\kmeans.jl:70
[3] kmeans(X::Matrix{Float64}, k::Int64; weights::Nothing, init::Symbol, maxiter::Int64, tol::Float64, display::Symbol, distance::Euclidean)
@ Clustering C:\Users\dell.julia\packages\Clustering\tt9vc\src\kmeans.jl:112
[4] top-level scope
@ C:\Users\dell\Desktop\工程2\pca.jl:33
[5] eval
@ .\boot.jl:360 [inlined]
[6] include\_string(mapexpr::typeof(identity), mod::Module, code::String, filename::String)
@ Base .\loading.jl:1116
why is that?thank you !!!
---
### Author:  [@trahflow](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/trahflow)
#### Post date: [February 8, 2022, 1:38pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/a-question-about-distances-jl/76022/2 "2022-02-08T13:38:32Z")
> [@abcde](#):
>
> WARNING: both Distances and StatsBase export “pairwise”; uses of it in module Main must be qualified
the answer lies in this warning.
Changing your line to this should fix it:
`dm=Distances.pairwise(dist, X1, dims=2)`
---
### Author:  [@abcde](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/abcde)
#### Post date: [February 8, 2022, 1:49pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/a-question-about-distances-jl/76022/3 "2022-02-08T13:49:29Z")
Uploading: image.png…
it is not work.
---
### Author:  [@trahflow](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/trahflow)
#### Post date: [February 8, 2022, 1:56pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/a-question-about-distances-jl/76022/4 "2022-02-08T13:56:24Z")
Could you please read through the [recommendations here](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/please-read-make-it-easier-to-help-you/14757), and provide some more information based on the guidelines detailed there?
That would make it easier to help you.
My wild guess is that in line 30 of your file there’s just another call to `pairwise` that needs to be qualified (by changing pairwise`to`Distances.pairwise`)
---
### Author:  [@johnmyleswhite](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/johnmyleswhite)
#### Post date: [February 8, 2022, 1:57pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/a-question-about-distances-jl/76022/5 "2022-02-08T13:57:35Z")
```julia
julia> using Distances
julia> dist = Distances.Euclidean()
Euclidean(0.0)
julia> X1 = rand(10, 10)
10×10 Matrix{Float64}:
0.985882 0.036319 0.393556 … 0.0793244 0.310617 0.953439
0.255112 0.435055 0.383491 0.112887 0.405229 0.722825
0.563211 0.695017 0.634384 0.124678 0.507086 0.0131361
0.0359783 0.00275204 0.506739 0.568531 0.145242 0.127146
0.67697 0.989422 0.5165 0.624573 0.198026 0.32543
0.182853 0.88098 0.413763 … 0.754935 0.640614 0.174002
0.201681 0.447935 0.172959 0.745043 0.942729 0.127134
0.160132 0.661322 0.414715 0.872607 0.000583358 0.430706
0.637737 0.906884 0.498104 0.931592 0.0173489 0.857072
0.781744 0.224723 0.270592 0.0443342 0.84014 0.192597
julia> dm = pairwise(dist, X1, dims=2)
10×10 Matrix{Float64}:
0.0 1.49401 1.0097 1.57416 … 1.75528 1.37675 1.06223
1.49401 0.0 1.06561 1.17709 1.03252 1.63317 1.58261
1.0097 1.06561 0.0 1.11434 1.15746 1.27542 1.09085
1.57416 1.17709 1.11434 0.0 1.42188 1.07083 1.89161
1.22228 1.25201 0.986071 1.24955 1.35888 1.34039 1.40431
1.48464 0.936854 0.84539 1.25875 … 0.791579 1.72414 1.39207
1.72296 1.21385 1.21544 1.48213 0.733937 1.61077 1.76282
1.75528 1.03252 1.15746 1.42188 0.0 1.71115 1.54109
1.37675 1.63317 1.27542 1.07083 1.71115 0.0 1.7225
1.06223 1.58261 1.09085 1.89161 1.54109 1.7225 0.0
```
That’s from a new session where I just installed Distances now and tried it. What are you doing differently from that example? Please go step by step through your own code to find the discrepancy.
---
### Author:  [@oheil](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/oheil)
#### Post date: [February 8, 2022, 2:21pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/a-question-about-distances-jl/76022/6 "2022-02-08T14:21:31Z")
It’s a call to pairwise from kmeans.jl (package Clustering) in line 138:
```julia
# core k-means skeleton
function _kmeans!(X::AbstractMatrix{<:Real}, # in: data matrix (d x n)
weights::Union{Nothing, Vector{<:Real}}, # in: data point weights (n)
centers::AbstractMatrix{<:AbstractFloat}, # in/out: matrix of centers (d x k)
maxiter::Int, # in: maximum number of iterations
tol::Float64, # in: tolerance of change at convergence
displevel::Int, # in: the level of display
distance::SemiMetric) # in: function to calculate distance
...
# compute pairwise distances, preassign costs and cluster weights
dmat = pairwise(distance, centers, X, dims=2)
WC = (weights === nothing) ? Int : eltype(weights)
...
```
But I can’t see why it’s not defined.
---
### Author:  [@abcde](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/abcde)
#### Post date: [February 8, 2022, 2:34pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/a-question-about-distances-jl/76022/7 "2022-02-08T14:34:12Z")
```julia
using Clustering,DataFrames,MultivariateStats,Plots,Distances,StatsBase,StatsAPI
#function Estimated(Block)
#store=Vector{Matrix{}}(undef,12)
qwe=ones(1,10)
model=fit(PCA,data1';#MultivariateStats里面的，对每一列分析
#maxoutdim=10,inverse=true,#输出尺寸是什么？
)
X1=MultivariateStats.transform(model,data1')
# store[i]=X1
#=
model2 = UMAP_(X1, 3;
#主要调参对象
n_neighbors=100,
min_dist=0.01,
set_operation_ratio=0.5,
local_connectivity=1,
repulsion_strength=1,
#neg_sample_rate=5,
metric=SqEuclidean(),
n_epochs=300,
learning_rate=1,
init=:random,
spread=1,
neg_sample_rate=5)
X2=UMAP.transform(model2, X1)
store[i]=X2
=#
for j=2:10#找轮廓系数，因为一次都是1，所以从2开始
initseeds(:rand,convert(Matrix,X1),j)#初始化随机种子
dist=Distances.Euclidean()#计算欧几里得距离
global Xresult=kmeans(X1,j,distance=dist)#result里面包含很多内容distance是哪里看到的？
dm=Distances.pairwise(dist, X1, dims=2)#2代表每列之间最大距离，1代表每一行的距离
est=silhouettes(Xresult,dm)#找轮廓系数
global qwe[j]=mean(est)
end
```
this is my code, I have not found any questions in my code . 😪
---
### Author:  [@abcde](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/abcde)
#### Post date: [February 8, 2022, 2:40pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/a-question-about-distances-jl/76022/9 "2022-02-08T14:40:18Z")
This code can be used before, but it was found that it cannot be used during debugging today
---
### Author:  [@abcde](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/abcde)
#### Post date: [February 8, 2022, 2:57pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/a-question-about-distances-jl/76022/10 "2022-02-08T14:57:54Z")
It shows a problem with pairwise in Kmeans. Is this a problem with Pkg?
---
### Author:  [@goerch](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/goerch)
#### Post date: [February 8, 2022, 3:07pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/a-question-about-distances-jl/76022/11 "2022-02-08T15:07:45Z")
Running the MWE I get
```julia
ERROR: LoadError: UndefVarError: data1 not defined
```
for these lines
```julia
model=fit(PCA,data1';#MultivariateStats里面的，对每一列分析
#maxoutdim=10,inverse=true,#输出尺寸是什么？
)
```
Please check if your MWE runs in a fresh session.
---
### Author:  [@abcde](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/abcde)
#### Post date: [February 8, 2022, 3:09pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/a-question-about-distances-jl/76022/12 "2022-02-08T15:09:50Z")
```julia
using Clustering
#dist = Distances.Euclidean()
X1 = rand(10, 10)
#dm = Distances.pairwise(dist, X1, dims=2)
ppresult=kmeans(X1,2)
```
the error:
ERROR: LoadError: UndefVarError: pairwise not defined
Stacktrace:
[1] \_kmeans!(X::Matrix{Float64}, weights::Nothing, centers::Matrix{Float64}, maxiter::Int64, tol::Float64, displevel::Int64, distance::SqEuclidean)
@ Clustering C:\Users\dell.julia\packages\Clustering\tt9vc\src\kmeans.jl:138
[2] kmeans!(X::Matrix{Float64}, centers::Matrix{Float64}; weights::Nothing, maxiter::Int64, tol::Float64, display::Symbol, distance::SqEuclidean)
@ Clustering C:\Users\dell.julia\packages\Clustering\tt9vc\src\kmeans.jl:70
[3] kmeans(X::Matrix{Float64}, k::Int64; weights::Nothing, init::Symbol, maxiter::Int64, tol::Float64, display::Symbol, distance::SqEuclidean)
@ Clustering C:\Users\dell.julia\packages\Clustering\tt9vc\src\kmeans.jl:112
[4] kmeans(X::Matrix{Float64}, k::Int64)
@ Clustering C:\Users\dell.julia\packages\Clustering\tt9vc\src\kmeans.jl:103
[5] top-level scope
@ untitled-7219c8427da4c703ddc83ce3a14e097e:6
[6] eval
@ .\boot.jl:360 [inlined]
[7] include\_string(mapexpr::typeof(identity), mod::Module, code::String, filename::String)
@ Base .\loading.jl:1116
in expression starting at untitled-7219c8427da4c703ddc83ce3a14e097e:6
---
### Author:  [@goerch](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/goerch)
#### Post date: [February 8, 2022, 3:16pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/a-question-about-distances-jl/76022/13 "2022-02-08T15:16:11Z")
> [@abcde](#):
>
> ```julia
> using Clustering
> #dist = Distances.Euclidean()
> X1 = rand(10, 10)
>
> #dm = Distances.pairwise(dist, X1, dims=2)
> ppresult=kmeans(X1,2)
>
> ```
This works for me yielding
```julia
KmeansResult{Matrix{Float64}, Float64, Int64}([0.5188068046007218 0.260315757382139; 0.4245585705784941 0.42545202951360767; … ; 0.48334083662314453 0.5610225098554704; 0.5548758185085466 0.3182716097781758], [1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1], [0.5699331362713904, 0.426105568802682, 0.7011801938130722, 0.8480519158764617, 0.47559415578909814, 0.6768516041631454, 0.5981374516277773, 0.722932541191037, 0.4262934436027326, 0.45995556295140005], [5, 5], [5, 5], 5.905035574088797, 2, true)
```
Maybe a versioning problem? Using `versioninfo()` I see
```julia
Julia Version 1.8.0-DEV.1309
Commit 89f23325aa (2022-01-13 19:48 UTC)
Platform Info:
OS: Windows (x86_64-w64-mingw32)
CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-10710U CPU @ 1.10GHz
WORD_SIZE: 64
LIBM: libopenlibm
LLVM: libLLVM-13.0.0 (ORCJIT, skylake)
Environment:
JULIA_EDITOR = code
JULIA_NUM_THREADS = 5
```
`Pkg.status("Clustering")` shows
```julia
[aaaa29a8] Clustering v0.14.2
```
---
### Author:  [@abcde](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/abcde)
#### Post date: [February 8, 2022, 3:19pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/a-question-about-distances-jl/76022/14 "2022-02-08T15:19:30Z")
julia\> versioninfo()
Julia Version 1.6.2
Commit 1b93d53fc4 (2021-07-14 15:36 UTC)
Platform Info:
OS: Windows (x86\_64-w64-mingw32)
CPU: Intel(R) Core™ i7-9750H CPU @ 2.60GHz
WORD\_SIZE: 64
LIBM: libopenlibm
LLVM: libLLVM-11.0.1 (ORCJIT, skylake)
Environment:
JULIA\_NUM\_THREADS = 6
julia\> Pkg.status(“Clustering”)
Status `C:\Users\dell\.julia\environments\v1.6\Project.toml`
[aaaa29a8] Clustering v0.14.2
Should I upgrade my Version of Julia?
---
### Author:  [@nilshg](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/nilshg)
#### Post date: [February 8, 2022, 3:25pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/a-question-about-distances-jl/76022/15 "2022-02-08T15:25:53Z")
Pretty sure this has nothing to do with the Julia version - I just tried is on Julia 1.6.5 (but yes it’s still good to update Julia).
Are you sure you are just running these three lines in a fresh Julia session?
```julia
julia> using Clustering
julia> X1 = rand(10, 10);
julia> ppresult = kmeans(X1, 2)
```
---
### Author:  [@goerch](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/goerch)
#### Post date: [February 8, 2022, 3:25pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/a-question-about-distances-jl/76022/16 "2022-02-08T15:25:55Z")
> [@abcde](#):
>
> Should I upgrade my Version of Julia?
Maybe you could check with the L(ong)T(erm)S(upport) version of Julia (1.6.5), if you do not see a result similar to mine. I just double checked that the code snippet works for me on 1.6.5.
---
### Author:  [@goerch](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/goerch)
#### Post date: [February 8, 2022, 3:27pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/a-question-about-distances-jl/76022/17 "2022-02-08T15:27:50Z")
> [@nilshg](#):
>
> Are you sure you are just running these three lines in a fresh Julia session?
To add to this: please share the results you see.
---
### Author:  [@nilshg](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/nilshg)
#### Post date: [February 8, 2022, 3:28pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/a-question-about-distances-jl/76022/19 "2022-02-08T15:28:58Z")
I just tried on 1.5.3 as well, which works just as well. It seems very unlikely to me that the Julia version would make a difference as long as the package version is the same - more likely that OP still has the same export clash he had at the very start of this thread.
---
### Author:  [@abcde](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/abcde)
#### Post date: [February 8, 2022, 3:29pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/a-question-about-distances-jl/76022/20 "2022-02-08T15:29:32Z")
julia\> using Clustering
julia\> X1 = rand(10, 10)
10×10 Matrix{Float64}:
0.740344 0.337929 0.486613 0.33858 0.541362 0.127248 0.778971 0.233203 0.18098 0.688234
0.741174 0.712662 0.0480868 0.603911 0.654863 0.824774 0.323518 0.324083 0.786233 0.614437
0.651201 0.0124087 0.940346 0.421215 0.490089 0.678486 0.529856 0.292362 0.699654 0.0506924
0.318616 0.488626 0.944019 0.713478 0.267164 0.402172 0.483804 0.873122 0.827992 0.51143
0.464809 0.812081 0.170238 0.102422 0.561995 0.354934 0.852781 0.810898 0.667493 0.444468
0.198221 0.871926 0.91747 0.526024 0.971221 0.911117 0.724954 0.112341 0.345794 0.47511
0.474746 0.719516 0.937454 0.693812 0.609287 0.620827 0.0851626 0.878569 0.0325638 0.155254
0.156511 0.840661 0.42345 0.633863 0.860889 0.891205 0.48369 0.934373 0.108588 0.973565
0.980691 0.396536 0.533162 0.386414 0.855655 0.232734 0.218987 0.506902 0.885078 0.859081
0.959835 0.25124 0.261198 0.371961 0.601035 0.822135 0.274006 0.991046 0.305735 0.315071
julia\> ppresult = kmeans(X1, 2)
WARNING: both StatsBase and Distances export “pairwise”; uses of it in module Clustering must be qualified
WARNING: both StatsBase and Distances export “pairwise!”; uses of it in module Clustering must be qualified
ERROR: UndefVarError: pairwise not defined
Stacktrace:
[1] \_kmeans!(X::Matrix{Float64}, weights::Nothing, centers::Matrix{Float64}, maxiter::Int64, tol::Float64, displevel::Int64, distance::Distances.SqEuclidean)
@ Clustering C:\Users\dell.julia\packages\Clustering\tt9vc\src\kmeans.jl:138
[2] kmeans!(X::Matrix{Float64}, centers::Matrix{Float64}; weights::Nothing, maxiter::Int64, tol::Float64, display::Symbol, distance::Distances.SqEuclidean)
@ Clustering C:\Users\dell.julia\packages\Clustering\tt9vc\src\kmeans.jl:70
[3] kmeans(X::Matrix{Float64}, k::Int64; weights::Nothing, init::Symbol, maxiter::Int64, tol::Float64, display::Symbol, distance::Distances.SqEuclidean)
@ Clustering C:\Users\dell.julia\packages\Clustering\tt9vc\src\kmeans.jl:112
[4] kmeans(X::Matrix{Float64}, k::Int64)
@ Clustering C:\Users\dell.julia\packages\Clustering\tt9vc\src\kmeans.jl:103
[5] top-level scope
@ none:1
---
### Author:  [@nilshg](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/nilshg)
#### Post date: [February 8, 2022, 3:29pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/a-question-about-distances-jl/76022/21 "2022-02-08T15:29:50Z")
But how does it complain about `StatsBase` exports if you’re just doing `using Clustering`?
---
### Author:  [@abcde](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/abcde)
#### Post date: [February 8, 2022, 3:30pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/a-question-about-distances-jl/76022/22 "2022-02-08T15:30:01Z")
I don’t know why?
[Next page](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/a-question-about-distances-jl/76022.md?page=2)