A precise definition of what it means to be an instance of an abstract type

Definition : Object x is an instance of the abstract type y if, and only if,

  1. the concrete type t_x of x and the value v_y of y satisfy t_x<:v_y, or
  2. y is a singleton type and x is its instance (which can be verified using isa)

  3. What is difference between Type{T} and T - #58 by path-doc