# Latest

**URL:** https://discourse.julialang.org/latest.md?page=851

[Latest](https://discourse.julialang.org/latest.md) · [Categories](https://discourse.julialang.org/categories.md) · [Tags](https://discourse.julialang.org/tags.md)

**Page:** 852

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## [Plotting to many points with CairoMakie results in empty rendered images](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/plotting-to-many-points-with-cairomakie-results-in-empty-rendered-images/90933)

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**Author:** [@Ceboc](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Ceboc)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [November 28, 2022, 11:20am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/plotting-to-many-points-with-cairomakie-results-in-empty-rendered-images/90933 "2022-11-28T11:20:37Z")

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Hi everybody, This is my first post here even when i’m a very “old” Julia user, I learned this language since v.0.3.2, and I’m very grateful with all the developers of Julia and Makie. My matter is this, I need to plot…

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## [Calling julia GeneralizedMixedModel from R](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/calling-julia-generalizedmixedmodel-from-r/90752)

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**Author:** [@jmag](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/jmag)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [November 28, 2022, 11:18am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/calling-julia-generalizedmixedmodel-from-r/90752 "2022-11-28T11:18:53Z")

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I’m trying to fit huge datasets using julia from R. I originally tried jglmm (GitHub - mikabr/jglmm: R package for interfacing with Julia's GLMM library), but the resulting objects are difficult to work with. I initiall…

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## [How to Create Riemann Sum animation in JULIA?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-create-riemann-sum-animation-in-julia/90942)

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**Author:** [@Freya\_the\_Goddess](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Freya_the_Goddess)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [November 28, 2022, 10:18am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-create-riemann-sum-animation-in-julia/90942 "2022-11-28T10:18:10Z")

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Hi all, is there an example of how to create Riemann Sum animation in JULIA? I look over and found nothing, any source to learn? I have a Python example, but then it is JULIA discourse … so? Thanks before.

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## [Structure binding in Julia?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/structure-binding-in-julia/90931)

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**Author:** [@gtgt](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/gtgt)\
**Replies:** 4\
**Last updated:** [November 28, 2022, 8:41am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/structure-binding-in-julia/90931 "2022-11-28T08:41:05Z")

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Is there anyway to destructure using variable names different from fields? struct S x::Int y::Int end s = S(1, 2) (; x, y) = s # ok (; a, b) = s # error: Type S has no field a In C++ I can do the following s…

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## [How to stop a loop without loosing the generated data?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-stop-a-loop-without-loosing-the-generated-data/90936)

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**Author:** [@Alex\_ricci](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Alex_ricci)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [November 28, 2022, 6:31am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-stop-a-loop-without-loosing-the-generated-data/90936 "2022-11-28T06:31:36Z")

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I work on an iterative algorithm. The simplified version of it is Step 1: optimize problem1 Step 2: if objective\_function\_of\_problem1 \> zub exclude the answer and go to the step 1 Step 3: optimize problem2 with data p…

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## [How to define a simple Boolean term rewriter properly in Symbolics?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-define-a-simple-boolean-term-rewriter-properly-in-symbolics/90749)

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**Author:** [@Shuhua](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Shuhua)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [November 28, 2022, 7:09am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-define-a-simple-boolean-term-rewriter-properly-in-symbolics/90749 "2022-11-28T07:09:06Z")

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We know that a & a = a holds for a Boolean variable a. However, this rule is missing in SymbolicUtils.jl. julia\> using SymbolicUtils julia\> r = @rule ~x & ~x =\> ~x ~x & ~x =\> ~x julia\> @syms a::Bool b::Bool (a, b) j…

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## [Change Julia version in Python through PyCall](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/change-julia-version-in-python-through-pycall/90932)

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**Author:** [@Xuekui\_wang](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Xuekui_wang)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [November 28, 2022, 3:24am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/change-julia-version-in-python-through-pycall/90932 "2022-11-28T03:24:37Z")

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I want to use julia package in python environment through PyCall. I have two julia version in atom: v1.6 and v1.8. First installed PyCall in v1.6, and add PyCall、Pkg.build("PyCall"), I could use the julia v1.6 package…

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## [1 based (array) indexing](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/1-based-array-indexing/90472)

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**Author:** [@Schneeschaufel](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Schneeschaufel)\
**Replies:** 24\
**Last updated:** [November 28, 2022, 3:18am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/1-based-array-indexing/90472 "2022-11-28T03:18:32Z")

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The advise given is this. Don’t use: for i in 1:length(A) instead use: for i ∈ axes(A,1), j ∈ axes(A,2) A\[i,j\] = sin(x\[i\]) \* cos(y\[j\]) end because A could be an array that’s been defined under an indexing regime…

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## [How to use tab autocompletions (LaTeX, emojis) in Markdown files in VSCode?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-use-tab-autocompletions-latex-emojis-in-markdown-files-in-vscode/90908)

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**Author:** [@cmichelenstrofer](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/cmichelenstrofer)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [November 28, 2022, 2:53am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-use-tab-autocompletions-latex-emojis-in-markdown-files-in-vscode/90908 "2022-11-28T02:53:04Z")

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I’m working on my first package! :slight\_smile: I’m at the point where I’m writing some documentation, using Documenter.jl, and need to type latex symbols in markdown files. But the autocompletions from the Julia extens…

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## [Is there any package supporting Samba? or is there any workaround?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/is-there-any-package-supporting-samba-or-is-there-any-workaround/90357)

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**Author:** [@Bondan000](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Bondan000)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [November 28, 2022, 2:36am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/is-there-any-package-supporting-samba-or-is-there-any-workaround/90357 "2022-11-28T02:36:44Z")

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Hi all, I am trying to host a simple Dash.jl based webapp in an Openshift cloud platform. The webapp has to fetch a file from a windows share! I can’t access the file within openshift! with samba connector i be able to …

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## [Another question on eachoverlap in GenomicFeatures.jl](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/another-question-on-eachoverlap-in-genomicfeatures-jl/90426)

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**Author:** [@zhangchunyong](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/zhangchunyong)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [November 27, 2022, 11:41pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/another-question-on-eachoverlap-in-genomicfeatures-jl/90426 "2022-11-27T23:41:29Z")

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using GenomicFeatures using DataFrames col = \[ Interval("chr1", 10628, 10683, '?', "abc") Interval("chr1", 10643, 10779, '?', "abc") Interval("chr1", 10645, 10748, '?', "abc") Interval("chr1", 10648, 10786, '?', "a…

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## [Citations in docs](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/citations-in-docs/5066)

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**Author:** [@jacobcvt12](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/jacobcvt12)\
**Replies:** 40\
**Last updated:** [November 28, 2022, 1:48am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/citations-in-docs/5066 "2022-11-28T01:48:53Z")

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Is it possible to have bibtex references in your docs? something along the lines of "Computes a p-value that can never be misinterepreted \[@fisher\]" function pvalue() ... end That will then be replaced with both an…

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## [Matrix vs Matrix{Any}](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/matrix-vs-matrix-any/90911)

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**Author:** [@KwatME](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/KwatME)\
**Replies:** 6\
**Last updated:** [November 27, 2022, 11:21pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/matrix-vs-matrix-any/90911 "2022-11-27T23:21:00Z")

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Can someone please explain why separation of the code that loops the Matrix improves the code? In code\_warntype, I noticed the difference between Matrix and Matrix{Any}. Thank you. The source is here https://github.c…

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## [How to convert DataFrame to Raster?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-convert-dataframe-to-raster/90869)

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**Author:** [@MiikkaT](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/MiikkaT)\
**Replies:** 8\
**Last updated:** [November 27, 2022, 11:18pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-convert-dataframe-to-raster/90869 "2022-11-27T23:18:50Z")

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I’m very new to Julia and coming from R background I’m now exploring spatial analysis in Julia. My current and maybe silly question is, how can I convert a dataframe that includes x and y coordinates to raster or raster …

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## [AlphaZero MCTS formula question](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/alphazero-mcts-formula-question/70673)

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**Author:** [@aaowens](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/aaowens)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [November 27, 2022, 10:12pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/alphazero-mcts-formula-question/70673 "2022-11-27T22:12:54Z")

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I’m trying to understand the MCTS used in AlphaZero, and I’m a bit confused by the upper confidence bound formula, which I’ve seen in most places as Q(s,a) + c \* P(s,a) \* \\frac{\\sqrt{\\sum\_b{ N(s,b)}}}{1 + N(s,a)} and a…

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## [TagBot tag does not trigger CI to run to build docs](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/tagbot-tag-does-not-trigger-ci-to-run-to-build-docs/90917)

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**Author:** [@tlnagy](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/tlnagy)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [November 27, 2022, 9:24pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/tagbot-tag-does-not-trigger-ci-to-run-to-build-docs/90917 "2022-11-27T21:24:13Z")

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Hi all, I recently started updating an old package of mine to work with Julia 1.0 and the new system with Github CI and TagBot, etc and I’m having trouble getting the CI to run and deploy docs for the “stable” version w…

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## [Forwarding optional function inputs](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/forwarding-optional-function-inputs/90876)

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**Author:** [@Titas22](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Titas22)\
**Replies:** 7\
**Last updated:** [November 27, 2022, 9:14pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/forwarding-optional-function-inputs/90876 "2022-11-27T21:14:19Z")

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Hi, is there a way to nicely overload functions with optional inputs that call other functions with optional inputs (if that makes sense). const DEFAULT\_K = 10.0; const DEFAULT\_N = 10.0; struct A x::Float64 end xt…

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## [How to delay the load of dependencies in a module to "using" time?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-delay-the-load-of-dependencies-in-a-module-to-using-time/90914)

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**Author:** [@jgidi](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/jgidi)\
**Replies:** 4\
**Last updated:** [November 27, 2022, 8:38pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-delay-the-load-of-dependencies-in-a-module-to-using-time/90914 "2022-11-27T20:38:19Z")

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Hi, community! When a module is defined, such as in module MyModule using PyCall end the module PyCall will be loaded, even if you haven’t run using .MyModule. The main question is: Is it possible to delay this load …

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## [Images.imedge: grad, phase and orientation](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/images-imedge-grad-phase-and-orientation/33955)

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**Author:** [@Ameba\_Brain](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Ameba_Brain)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [November 27, 2022, 7:57pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/images-imedge-grad-phase-and-orientation/33955 "2022-11-27T19:57:54Z")

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Images.imedge function implementation calculates gradients as grad\_y, grad\_x = imgradients(img, kernelfun, border) But right in the next line it passes grad\_y, grad\_x into the magnitude and orientation methods which hav…

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## [Speed up "bool ^ float" and "float ^ bool"](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/speed-up-bool-float-and-float-bool/90701)

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**Author:** [@andrey2185](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/andrey2185)\
**Replies:** 24\
**Last updated:** [November 27, 2022, 7:56pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/speed-up-bool-float-and-float-bool/90701 "2022-11-27T19:56:41Z")

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I speed up “bool ^ float” and “float ^ bool”. Сan you help me to know how it works on other processors ? Need a print of this thing: module M using BenchmarkTools, Test, InteractiveUtils println("\*\*", rstrip(Sys.cp…

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## [Performance issue when using kronecker product with ForwardDiff.Dual type](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/performance-issue-when-using-kronecker-product-with-forwarddiff-dual-type/90299)

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**Author:** [@mnavarrosudy](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/mnavarrosudy)\
**Replies:** 9\
**Last updated:** [November 27, 2022, 8:19am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/performance-issue-when-using-kronecker-product-with-forwarddiff-dual-type/90299 "2022-11-27T08:19:13Z")

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Hello! I’m new to Julia, and I’m working on a constrained optimization problem using JuMP. I’m having a performance issue when calculating a kronecker product in a function that receives the type ForwardDiff.Dual. In p…

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## [Simplechains.jl vs. George Hotz & Tinygrad?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/simplechains-jl-vs-george-hotz-tinygrad/90387)

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**Author:** [@artkuo](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/artkuo)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [November 27, 2022, 7:18pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/simplechains-jl-vs-george-hotz-tinygrad/90387 "2022-11-27T19:18:11Z")

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George Hotz recently stepped down from comma.ai and announced he may devote more effort to his Tinygrad package: I’m considering another company, the Tiny Corporation. Under 1000 lines, under 3 people, 3x faster than P…

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## [Formatting two plots to have the same x axis range](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/formatting-two-plots-to-have-the-same-x-axis-range/90882)

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**Author:** [@eduardo-zambrano](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/eduardo-zambrano)\
**Replies:** 6\
**Last updated:** [November 27, 2022, 6:39pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/formatting-two-plots-to-have-the-same-x-axis-range/90882 "2022-11-27T18:39:11Z")

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Hi everyone, I have what I think is a very basic question about plotting using Cairo Makie. How can I make two plots I’m making have the same x axis range?. Here’s a working prototype that I think illustrates what I nee…

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## [How to Append Polynomial to 5-element vector if the highest order is less than 4? Polynomials.jl Package](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-append-polynomial-to-5-element-vector-if-the-highest-order-is-less-than-4-polynomials-jl-package/90904)

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**Author:** [@Freya\_the\_Goddess](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Freya_the_Goddess)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [November 27, 2022, 6:30pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-append-polynomial-to-5-element-vector-if-the-highest-order-is-less-than-4-polynomials-jl-package/90904 "2022-11-27T18:30:11Z")

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Hi all I have a problem here, I want to calculate special sum by using Polynomials.jl, thus it works fine if there is one of degree 4, but if the highest input is of degree 2, the coeffs(p) would become 3-element vector…

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## [Scheduling and Capacity constraints with variable durations](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/scheduling-and-capacity-constraints-with-variable-durations/90845)

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**Author:** [@JNSDVD](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/JNSDVD)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [November 27, 2022, 6:14pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/scheduling-and-capacity-constraints-with-variable-durations/90845 "2022-11-27T18:14:31Z")

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Hey people! I do have variable starting points (S) and variable Durations (D) per task. The former results from the predecessor relationships (see below), the latter from the allocation of resources to the task (j). @c…

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## [Calculate Area of Function with Circumscribed Polygon with CalculusWithJulia](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/calculate-area-of-function-with-circumscribed-polygon-with-calculuswithjulia/90895)

<div class="topic-metadata">

**Author:** [@Freya\_the\_Goddess](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Freya_the_Goddess)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [November 27, 2022, 4:08pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/calculate-area-of-function-with-circumscribed-polygon-with-calculuswithjulia/90895 "2022-11-27T16:08:36Z")

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Hi all, I try to calculate this function $3x^{2} + x + 1$ But, I get the result different from the solution: This is the code I use: using CalculusWithJulia function riemann(f, a, b, n; method="right") xs = a:…

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## [Compile time conditions or dispatch removing code based on (DEBUG, LIVE) mode](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/compile-time-conditions-or-dispatch-removing-code-based-on-debug-live-mode/89134)

<div class="topic-metadata">

**Author:** [@Marcell\_Havlik](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Marcell_Havlik)\
**Replies:** 7\
**Last updated:** [November 27, 2022, 2:59pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/compile-time-conditions-or-dispatch-removing-code-based-on-debug-live-mode/89134 "2022-11-27T14:59:32Z")

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Hey Julianners! Conditional code compilation would be Crazy! I want to make a code where I don’t have to comment out some of my code when I run my code in live version. I know I am talking about 10-20 conditions only b…

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## [Creating a posdef covariance matrix](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/creating-a-posdef-covariance-matrix/90833)

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**Author:** [@jar1](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/jar1)\
**Replies:** 8\
**Last updated:** [November 27, 2022, 2:49pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/creating-a-posdef-covariance-matrix/90833 "2022-11-27T14:49:38Z")

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I want to create a multivariate normal distribution with the exponentiated-quadratic covariance matrix. This code works. But if I make more points by replacing the step .3 with a smaller number like .1 the isposdef asser…

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## [Help Me to Correct this Function for Special Sum with SymPy and CalculusWithJulia](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/help-me-to-correct-this-function-for-special-sum-with-sympy-and-calculuswithjulia/90893)

<div class="topic-metadata">

**Author:** [@Freya\_the\_Goddess](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Freya_the_Goddess)\
**Replies:** 8\
**Last updated:** [November 27, 2022, 2:49pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/help-me-to-correct-this-function-for-special-sum-with-sympy-and-calculuswithjulia/90893 "2022-11-27T14:49:25Z")

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Hi all, I am trying to create a function and conditional loop inside, I was creating this code: using SymPy, CalculusWithJulia @vars k n function specialsum(k) if k = i k = (n\*(n+1))/2 elseif k = i^2 k = (n\*(…

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## [How to interpolate into the \`julia -c\` shell command](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-interpolate-into-the-julia-c-shell-command/90883)

<div class="topic-metadata">

**Author:** [@Lilith](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Lilith)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [November 27, 2022, 11:43am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-interpolate-into-the-julia-c-shell-command/90883 "2022-11-27T11:43:12Z")

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I have a bit of julia code in a shell variable. I want to execute it. When I run this script code='import Pkg' echo $code julia -e $code echo pass I get this import Pkg ERROR: syntax: incomplete: premature end of inp…

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