# Latest

**URL:** https://discourse.julialang.org/latest.md?page=654

[Latest](https://discourse.julialang.org/latest.md) · [Categories](https://discourse.julialang.org/categories.md) · [Tags](https://discourse.julialang.org/tags.md)

**Page:** 655

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## [Instability lyapunov exponent, DifferentialEquations](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/instability-lyapunov-exponent-differentialequations/101177)

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**Author:** [@Sergey\_Novak](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Sergey_Novak)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [July 4, 2023, 3:48pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/instability-lyapunov-exponent-differentialequations/101177 "2023-07-04T15:48:42Z")

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Hello! I am trying to calculate the spectrum of Lyapunov exponents and get a message about instability. When I calculate a solution with the same settings method of integration, there is no instability message. How can …

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## [Makie has a new Website!](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/makie-has-a-new-website/101175)

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**Author:** [@sdanisch](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/sdanisch)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [July 4, 2023, 3:32pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/makie-has-a-new-website/101175 "2023-07-04T15:32:44Z")

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The Makie project has a new website: makie.org! :partying\_face: It shows Makie’s capabilities and its ecosystem, and will help to attract funding so Makie can receive new features and stay well maintained in the future.…

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## [\[GLMakie\] volume method](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/glmakie-volume-method/101115)

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**Author:** [@fdekerme](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/fdekerme)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [July 4, 2023, 3:03pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/glmakie-volume-method/101115 "2023-07-04T15:03:56Z")

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Hello ! Does anyone know how to use GLMakie’s volume method volume - Makie with “optional physical dimensions x, y, z” as described in the doc? For exemple, volume(1.0,2.0,3.0, rand(100,100,100)) doesn’t work. Thanks …

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## [Package oddities](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/package-oddities/101174)

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**Author:** [@vapidbabble](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/vapidbabble)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [July 4, 2023, 3:03pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/package-oddities/101174 "2023-07-04T15:03:50Z")

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I’m fine in the US, but some others on HOJ (Humans of Julia) discord are unable to update packages. They noticed Status says it’s offline. I tried to ping and I mistyped pkg.julialang.org as pkg.juliakabg.org and got a …

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## [Indexing on a pseudo-dimension](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/indexing-on-a-pseudo-dimension/101119)

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**Author:** [@croberts](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/croberts)\
**Replies:** 10\
**Last updated:** [July 4, 2023, 2:43pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/indexing-on-a-pseudo-dimension/101119 "2023-07-04T14:43:21Z")

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Suppose I have a K x M array, my\_arr, but I want to pretend that it is a K x M x N array, my\_pseudo\_arr , so that indexing it with my\_pseudo\_arr\[k, m, n\] equals my\_arr\[k, m\], my\_pseudo\_arr\[k, m, :\] equals repeat(\[my\_arr\[…

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## [Painful debugging in VSC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/painful-debugging-in-vsc/49597)

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**Author:** [@joa-quim](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/joa-quim)\
**Replies:** 6\
**Last updated:** [July 4, 2023, 2:07pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/painful-debugging-in-vsc/49597 "2023-07-04T14:07:35Z")

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Is it only me or others share this experience that debugging in VSC is becoming more and more painful? See the example of the attached fig. The code flow did not stop at the breakpoint. It did land directly at the positi…

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## [Delay partial differential equations](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/delay-partial-differential-equations/101161)

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**Author:** [@rjku](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/rjku)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [July 4, 2023, 2:05pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/delay-partial-differential-equations/101161 "2023-07-04T14:05:36Z")

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Hi all, is there any way of dealing with Delay Partial Differential Equations using DifferentialEquations.jl, MethodsOfLines.jl, or any other package? Alternatively, has anybody any suggestion/recommendation about how …

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## [Pagerank for weighted graphs in julia](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/pagerank-for-weighted-graphs-in-julia/101076)

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**Author:** [@vmpyr](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/vmpyr)\
**Replies:** 17\
**Last updated:** [July 4, 2023, 1:57pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/pagerank-for-weighted-graphs-in-julia/101076 "2023-07-04T13:57:36Z")

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Hello everyone, I need to use Graphs.jl for a project which requires me to mainly use the pagerank function on an undirected weighted graph. I found SimpleWeightedGraphs.jl provides this functionality. It implements the p…

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## [Where to store .jl files](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/where-to-store-jl-files/101055)

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**Author:** [@alan](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/alan)\
**Replies:** 8\
**Last updated:** [July 2, 2023, 4:43pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/where-to-store-jl-files/101055 "2023-07-02T16:43:41Z")

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Julians seem to keep their .jl files under ~/.julia/dev. Why is this? Is this location used somehow by “import”, “using”, or “include”? In C, I’m used to keeping source files under ~/src, then copying executables into ~…

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## [Large vs Small Packages](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/large-vs-small-packages/9447)

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**Author:** [@cortner](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/cortner)\
**Replies:** 22\
**Last updated:** [July 4, 2023, 12:39pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/large-vs-small-packages/9447 "2023-07-04T12:39:30Z")

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I’m considering splitting a large monolithic package into 3-4 smaller ones. The thought was they might be easier to maintain, migrate, test, etc. But I am a bit concerned that the “admin overhead” will actually increase.…

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## [IntervalRootFinding tolerance](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/intervalrootfinding-tolerance/101141)

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**Author:** [@Longblackcoffee](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Longblackcoffee)\
**Replies:** 4\
**Last updated:** [July 4, 2023, 12:27pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/intervalrootfinding-tolerance/101141 "2023-07-04T12:27:39Z")

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Hi guys, I’m trying to use IntervalRootFinding to find the roots of a 2-D function (compute\_implied\_r in the example below), which outputs a 2-D vector. roots(compute\_implied\_r, IntervalBox(0.9..10,0.9..10), Newton, 1e…

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## [Zero-based indexing ... (not) again](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/zero-based-indexing-not-again/100944)

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**Author:** [@bertschi](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/bertschi)\
**Replies:** 19\
**Last updated:** [July 4, 2023, 12:12pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/zero-based-indexing-not-again/100944 "2023-07-04T12:12:34Z")

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Just realized that zero-based, i.e., offset-based indexing, can easily be done in Julia already: v\[1\] == v\[begin + 0\] For fun and the sake of it, here is a macro that does that translation for you :wink: using MacroTo…

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## [Suggestion: NVIDIA RTX 3070 Ti (8GB) or RTX 4090 (16 GB)?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/suggestion-nvidia-rtx-3070-ti-8gb-or-rtx-4090-16-gb/101121)

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**Author:** [@sylvaticus](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/sylvaticus)\
**Replies:** 15\
**Last updated:** [July 4, 2023, 11:25am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/suggestion-nvidia-rtx-3070-ti-8gb-or-rtx-4090-16-gb/101121 "2023-07-04T11:25:01Z")

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Hello, I have never worked with GPU and it’s time to change our server, so… :slight\_smile: Which would be a entry-level NVIDIA GPU suitable to work with neural network operations / Flux ? I mean something that would st…

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## [Finding equilibrium states](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/finding-equilibrium-states/101163)

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**Author:** [@Sergey\_Novak](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Sergey_Novak)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [July 4, 2023, 11:06am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/finding-equilibrium-states/101163 "2023-07-04T11:06:46Z")

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Hello! I try find equilibrium states for system: function HR\_mem(u, p, t) function sigma(x) return 1.0 / ( 1.0 + exp( -10.0 \* ( x - ( - 0.25 ) ) ) ) end memristor(z, k1\_me, k2\_me) = k1\_me + k2\_me \* …

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## [How to express this repeated measures model with dummy variables?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-express-this-repeated-measures-model-with-dummy-variables/101164)

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**Author:** [@Juan](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Juan)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [July 4, 2023, 10:38am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-express-this-repeated-measures-model-with-dummy-variables/101164 "2023-07-04T10:38:50Z")

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I would like to fit a model to predict a future outcome from a given time (t=1 in the attached plot) using covariates X. But I have many missings at that time, and I’ve thought about also using past information of X. …

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## [Display a variable makes it to be constant ? Rasters.jl bug?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/display-a-variable-makes-it-to-be-constant-rasters-jl-bug/101157)

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**Author:** [@sylvaticus](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/sylvaticus)\
**Replies:** 5\
**Last updated:** [July 4, 2023, 10:22am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/display-a-variable-makes-it-to-be-constant-rasters-jl-bug/101157 "2023-07-04T10:22:18Z")

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I got something really odd working with Raster 0.8, Julia 1.9: This is ok: julia\> using Rasters julia\> X = 2 2 julia\> X 2 julia\> typeof(X) Int64 but (new session): julia\> using Rasters julia\> X X julia\> X = 2 ERROR: …

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## [Vectors of Unions between concrete type and singleton type](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/vectors-of-unions-between-concrete-type-and-singleton-type/101158)

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**Author:** [@hexaeder](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/hexaeder)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [July 4, 2023, 9:38am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/vectors-of-unions-between-concrete-type-and-singleton-type/101158 "2023-07-04T09:38:42Z")

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According to the docs, Vector{Union{Missing, \<:Any}} can be fast fast because they use a special memory layout to mark “missing” fields. Is that special handling for missing, or is it true for Arrays of all singleton un…

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## [Calling AVX-512 intrinsics from Julia](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/calling-avx-512-intrinsics-from-julia/101079)

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**Author:** [@giacomogiudice](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/giacomogiudice)\
**Replies:** 6\
**Last updated:** [July 4, 2023, 8:45am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/calling-avx-512-intrinsics-from-julia/101079 "2023-07-04T08:45:48Z")

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I am having trouble calling some AVX-512 intrinsics from Julia, coming directly from this post. The example on the blog post compiles and runs fine on the CPU, since it has the avx512\_bitalg CPU flag. The problematic i…

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## [Name this method extension technique, piracy evasion](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/name-this-method-extension-technique-piracy-evasion/101099)

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**Author:** [@mkitti](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/mkitti)\
**Replies:** 21\
**Last updated:** [July 4, 2023, 7:42am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/name-this-method-extension-technique-piracy-evasion/101099 "2023-07-04T07:42:40Z")

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Let’s say I want to change how Base.write works with a Base type, NTuple{N,UInt8} from a package. Currently, writing NTuple via Base.write errors. julia\> iob = IOBuffer() IOBuffer(data=UInt8\[...\], readable=true, writab…

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## [Package update gets stalled for some reason](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/package-update-gets-stalled-for-some-reason/101153)

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**Author:** [@jishnub](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/jishnub)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [July 4, 2023, 6:17am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/package-update-gets-stalled-for-some-reason/101153 "2023-07-04T06:17:50Z")

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Nothing seems to happen when I run up, and on aborting the process with CTRL+C, this is what I find: (@v1.9) pkg\> up ^C^Cfatal: error thrown and no exception handler available. InterruptException() \_jl\_mutex\_unlock at /…

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## [High order derivative of Flux.Chain network](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/high-order-derivative-of-flux-chain-network/101150)

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**Author:** [@daybrown](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/daybrown)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [July 4, 2023, 5:43am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/high-order-derivative-of-flux-chain-network/101150 "2023-07-04T05:43:24Z")

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using Zygote model = Chain( Dense(2, 8, σ), Dense(8, 1) ) xs = \[1,1\] g(x) = model(x)\[1\] g\_p(x,m) = Zygote.gradient(m → sum(m(x)), m)\[1\] g\_x(x,m) = Zygote.gradient(x → sum(m(x)), x)\[1\] g\_xx(x,m) = Zygote.diaghess…

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## [Matrix operations with custom number type](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/matrix-operations-with-custom-number-type/101148)

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**Author:** [@brianguenter](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/brianguenter)\
**Replies:** 4\
**Last updated:** [July 4, 2023, 4:32am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/matrix-operations-with-custom-number-type/101148 "2023-07-04T04:32:17Z")

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Given this definition of a custom number type: struct Node \<: Number end export Node Base.:\*(a::Node, b::Node) = Node() Base.:+(a::Node, b::Node) = Node() why does this julia\> a = Node();b=Node(); julia\> A = \[a b;a …

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## [Programmatically check if a variable is in an equation in ModelingToolkit.jl](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/programmatically-check-if-a-variable-is-in-an-equation-in-modelingtoolkit-jl/101124)

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**Author:** [@Datseris](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Datseris)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [July 3, 2023, 10:59pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/programmatically-check-if-a-variable-is-in-an-equation-in-modelingtoolkit-jl/101124 "2023-07-03T22:59:07Z")

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Given an Equation generated by ModelingToolkit.jl, I want to check, programmatically, whether some variable exists in the equation. MWE: using ModelingToolkit @variables t # independent variable (time) dDt =…

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## [Dirac delta implementation in gridap](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/dirac-delta-implementation-in-gridap/101144)

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**Author:** [@mary](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/mary)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [July 3, 2023, 10:02pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/dirac-delta-implementation-in-gridap/101144 "2023-07-03T22:02:48Z")

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Hi dear all, i want to use Dirac delta function in my domain not just at special point like x0. below is a example of this function MatrixOf(fem\_params) x0 = VectorValue(0,300) # Position of the field to be optimiz…

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## [VSCode Extension and activiating project automatically](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/vscode-extension-and-activiating-project-automatically/101140)

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**Author:** [@fimiller](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/fimiller)\
**Replies:** 4\
**Last updated:** [July 3, 2023, 9:15pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/vscode-extension-and-activiating-project-automatically/101140 "2023-07-03T21:15:32Z")

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I am now to julia and have been using the VSCode extension for working on my project and writing julia code. Everytime I launch julia, I have to run the file, which then opens the REPL. From here, it errors on package i…

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## [Wanting to know if VideoIO supports Alpha channels](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/wanting-to-know-if-videoio-supports-alpha-channels/101069)

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**Author:** [@HarmonDavid](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/HarmonDavid)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [July 3, 2023, 8:50pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/wanting-to-know-if-videoio-supports-alpha-channels/101069 "2023-07-03T20:50:31Z")

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Like the title says, I am trying to find out if VideoIO can handle dealing with pixel data that uses the alpha channel.

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## [UndefVarError: \`Random\` not defined](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/undefvarerror-random-not-defined/101142)

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**Author:** [@Ethan\_Tran](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Ethan_Tran)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [July 3, 2023, 8:38pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/undefvarerror-random-not-defined/101142 "2023-07-03T20:38:44Z")

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I tried to use the function with Random as below: init\_params = Float64.(ComponentArray(Lux.setup(Random.default\_rng(), chain)\[1\])) and I got the message: UndefVarError: \`Random\` not defined. Please help me to fix it. …

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## [How to set the output size in \`savefig()\` in \`GR.jl\`](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-set-the-output-size-in-savefig-in-gr-jl/101109)

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**Author:** [@MarkW](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/MarkW)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [July 3, 2023, 6:57pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-set-the-output-size-in-savefig-in-gr-jl/101109 "2023-07-03T18:57:13Z")

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Hi, I have a simple question about GR.jl (Not through Plots.jl). I am displaying an image of size 300x300. I want to display it on screen and save the plot with savefig: using GR img = rand(300, 300) imshow(img) s…

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## [Flux training gives NaNs](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/flux-training-gives-nans/34424)

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**Author:** [@tobydriscoll](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/tobydriscoll)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [July 3, 2023, 6:40pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/flux-training-gives-nans/34424 "2023-07-03T18:40:51Z")

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I’m training a CNN on a vision problem and sometimes the model parameters become NaNs. I don’t know how to create an MWE, and it doesn’t happen every time. The model itself is Chain( # input 96x96x1 Conv((5,5), 1=\>…

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## [Julia 1.10 feature freeze: Tuesday, June 27, 2023](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/julia-1-10-feature-freeze-tuesday-june-27-2023/100198)

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**Author:** [@dilumaluthge](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/dilumaluthge)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [July 3, 2023, 6:07pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/julia-1-10-feature-freeze-tuesday-june-27-2023/100198 "2023-07-03T18:07:48Z")

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We’ve set the feature freeze for Julia 1.10 to Tuesday, June 27, 2023. If there are any feature PRs that you’d like to get into Julia 1.10, they’ll need to be merged prior to that date. For context, the Julia 1.9 featu…

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