# Latest

**URL:** https://discourse.julialang.org/latest.md?page=647

[Latest](https://discourse.julialang.org/latest.md) · [Categories](https://discourse.julialang.org/categories.md) · [Tags](https://discourse.julialang.org/tags.md)

**Page:** 648

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## [Power minus one character](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/power-minus-one-character/101535)

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**Author:** [@ufechner7](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/ufechner7)\
**Replies:** 5\
**Last updated:** [July 12, 2023, 2:50pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/power-minus-one-character/101535 "2023-07-12T14:50:41Z")

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Is their a way to print W^{-1} in the console using println(“W…”)? Is their a unicode character for it?

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## [Heatmap with mousepicking	no axis markings and labels](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/heatmap-with-mousepicking-no-axis-markings-and-labels/101521)

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**Author:** [@Wulf](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Wulf)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [July 12, 2023, 2:49pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/heatmap-with-mousepicking-no-axis-markings-and-labels/101521 "2023-07-12T14:49:29Z")

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I output a heatmap, points and lines, to a scene in order to allow mouse interactions similar to this example. http://juliaplots.org/MakieReferenceImages/gallery//mouse\_picking/index.html However contrary to the exampl…

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## [Why do packages run continuous integration tests on Julia nightly?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/why-do-packages-run-continuous-integration-tests-on-julia-nightly/101208)

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**Author:** [@MilesCranmer](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/MilesCranmer)\
**Replies:** 48\
**Last updated:** [July 12, 2023, 2:48pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/why-do-packages-run-continuous-integration-tests-on-julia-nightly/101208 "2023-07-12T14:48:06Z")

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I’m wondering why is it a standard practice to run continuous integration tests for packages on Julia nightly? It seems like there isn’t useful information to be gained from this, as oftentimes jobs fail (and seem expect…

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## [Serve csv files in a directory as web pages with auto updated index pages](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/serve-csv-files-in-a-directory-as-web-pages-with-auto-updated-index-pages/101525)

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**Author:** [@xgdgsc](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/xgdgsc)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [July 12, 2023, 2:41pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/serve-csv-files-in-a-directory-as-web-pages-with-auto-updated-index-pages/101525 "2023-07-12T14:41:58Z")

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Say I have a directory to store experiment results as csv files. Is there a lightweight framework that can serve those dynamically increasing/updated files as web pages with auto generated index pages according to the su…

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## [Differential Equations.jl ODEProblem exceedingly slow](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/differential-equations-jl-odeproblem-exceedingly-slow/101500)

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**Author:** [@WillHWThompson](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/WillHWThompson)\
**Replies:** 5\
**Last updated:** [July 12, 2023, 2:12pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/differential-equations-jl-odeproblem-exceedingly-slow/101500 "2023-07-12T14:12:04Z")

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I am trying to numerically integrate a set of master equations with DifferentialEquations.jl I have defined the differential equation like: function voter\_model\_ame!(dG,G,t,p) N,U = size(G) for n\_prime=1:N,u\_p…

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## [Error installing packages: could not spawn setenv(\`lld -flavor gnu\`)](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/error-installing-packages-could-not-spawn-setenv-lld-flavor-gnu/101513)

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**Author:** [@tomc](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/tomc)\
**Replies:** 7\
**Last updated:** [July 12, 2023, 1:12pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/error-installing-packages-could-not-spawn-setenv-lld-flavor-gnu/101513 "2023-07-12T13:12:06Z")

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Environment: OS: Pop!\_OS 22.04 LTS / Processor: 11th Gen Intel® Core™ i7-1165G7 @ 2.80GHz × 8 / 16 GB RAM / 500 GB SSD Following E. Nagel’s very helpful comment on page Install IJulia | JuliaAcademy, I get in trouble at…

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## [Scalar mixed derivative using ForwardDiff](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/scalar-mixed-derivative-using-forwarddiff/101517)

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**Author:** [@Vik1](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Vik1)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [July 12, 2023, 12:04pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/scalar-mixed-derivative-using-forwarddiff/101517 "2023-07-12T12:04:13Z")

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I am trying to calculate the scalar second derivative wrt two different variables. To calculate the second derivative wrt one variable can be implemented as follows. f(T, v) = T^4 \* v^3 T\_i = 1.0 v\_i = 1.0 ForwardDif…

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## [Unexpected behaviour with Flux](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/unexpected-behaviour-with-flux/101527)

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**Author:** [@gforchini](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/gforchini)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [July 12, 2023, 11:21am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/unexpected-behaviour-with-flux/101527 "2023-07-12T11:21:04Z")

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I have notice a strange behaviour in Flux, and wonder if it is what should be expected or not. This is part of a WGAN. If D is defined by chaining Dense layers, everything works well. using Flux, Random, Statistics usi…

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## [Detect argument is an iterable or a "scalar"](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/detect-argument-is-an-iterable-or-a-scalar/101436)

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**Author:** [@ryofurue](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/ryofurue)\
**Replies:** 25\
**Last updated:** [July 12, 2023, 10:50am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/detect-argument-is-an-iterable-or-a-scalar/101436 "2023-07-12T10:50:37Z")

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I keep finding myself wanting to branch on whether an argument is a collection (iterable?) or a scalar (single value). What’s the idiomatic way? A toy example would be function func(xs) if is\_iterable(xs) # \<- How t…

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## [How to preallocate and reuse buffers for oft-repeated computation?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-preallocate-and-reuse-buffers-for-oft-repeated-computation/100915)

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**Author:** [@philip](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/philip)\
**Replies:** 15\
**Last updated:** [July 12, 2023, 10:15am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-preallocate-and-reuse-buffers-for-oft-repeated-computation/100915 "2023-07-12T10:15:48Z")

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In How to optimise Julia code: A practical guide, Jakob Nissen suggests that one way to optimize code + reduce allocations is to Preallocate buffers once and reuse them multiple times I’m wondering if someone has a wa…

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## [Type instability when using map with closures](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/type-instability-when-using-map-with-closures/101510)

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**Author:** [@ynue](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/ynue)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [July 12, 2023, 9:54am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/type-instability-when-using-map-with-closures/101510 "2023-07-12T09:54:37Z")

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I have observed a surprising behaviour of map with closures. It seems that type instabilities appear when the function called by map overwrites a variable that belongs to an outer scope (only changing its value while kee…

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## [Makie: Color and theme for errorbars](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/makie-color-and-theme-for-errorbars/101428)

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**Author:** [@barucden](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/barucden)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [July 12, 2023, 9:19am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/makie-color-and-theme-for-errorbars/101428 "2023-07-12T09:19:37Z")

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Hi, I have two questions about errorbars in Makie. Consider the following example: using CairoMakie set\_theme!(Theme( Lines=(linewidth = 4,), ErrorBars=(linewidth = 4,) )) x = \[1, 2, 3, 4, 5\] y\_A = \[1, 2, 1, …

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## [Terminology: "multi branch neural network" or what?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/terminology-multi-branch-neural-network-or-what/101396)

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**Author:** [@sylvaticus](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/sylvaticus)\
**Replies:** 6\
**Last updated:** [July 12, 2023, 8:56am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/terminology-multi-branch-neural-network-or-what/101396 "2023-07-12T08:56:40Z")

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Hello, which is the correct name for a neural network architecture where multiple “branches” are learn, possibly but not necessarily togher, and each branch “ends” with an encoding representation of the relative features…

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## [Julia website Community Standards page has bad link](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/julia-website-community-standards-page-has-bad-link/101509)

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**Author:** [@tomc](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/tomc)\
**Replies:** 4\
**Last updated:** [July 12, 2023, 7:52am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/julia-website-community-standards-page-has-bad-link/101509 "2023-07-12T07:52:14Z")

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page: Community bad link: https://forem.julialang.org/ error msg: “Bad Gateway”

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## [Should a function be named with \`!\` if it only modifies a container type's inner values?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/should-a-function-be-named-with-if-it-only-modifies-a-container-types-inner-values/101504)

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**Author:** [@singularitti](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/singularitti)\
**Replies:** 6\
**Last updated:** [July 12, 2023, 7:13am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/should-a-function-be-named-with-if-it-only-modifies-a-container-types-inner-values/101504 "2023-07-12T07:13:38Z")

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If A is a container type like: struct A values::Vector end # Or struct A values::Tuple end where A should hold a number of custom types B: mutable struct B x end If a function called modify! can change B.…

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## [Inno4scale: Will Julia be part of it?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/inno4scale-will-julia-be-part-of-it/101497)

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**Author:** [@prbzrg](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/prbzrg)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [July 11, 2023, 9:32pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/inno4scale-will-julia-be-part-of-it/101497 "2023-07-11T21:32:22Z")

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I just saw this, and I think it’s about reimplementation of some important algorithms to used them efficiently on an exascale level. I wonder if Julia will be part of it.

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## [VS Code: Julia Language Server crash - Julia 1.9.1](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/vs-code-julia-language-server-crash-julia-1-9-1/101165)

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**Author:** [@Audrius-St](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Audrius-St)\
**Replies:** 4\
**Last updated:** [July 12, 2023, 5:23am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/vs-code-julia-language-server-crash-julia-1-9-1/101165 "2023-07-12T05:23:50Z")

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Hello, First time I’ve encountered this issue running Julia on WSL2. Julia Version 1.9.1 Commit 147bdf428cd (2023-06-07 08:27 UTC) Platform Info: OS: Linux (x86\_64-linux-gnu) CPU: 12 × Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8750H CP…

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## [Large memory usage in JuMP](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/large-memory-usage-in-jump/101491)

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**Author:** [@leima0521](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/leima0521)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [July 12, 2023, 1:35am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/large-memory-usage-in-jump/101491 "2023-07-12T01:35:44Z")

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Hi, I am using JuMP to run this optimization script. It uses almost 3G memory for this small test dataset. How can I figure out which part uses the most memory and how can I reduce the memory usage? I will use much larg…

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## [JuMP devs expected reply to GAMS Comparative Analysis material](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/jump-devs-expected-reply-to-gams-comparative-analysis-material/101489)

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**Author:** [@algunion](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/algunion)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [July 12, 2023, 1:12am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/jump-devs-expected-reply-to-gams-comparative-analysis-material/101489 "2023-07-12T01:12:10Z")

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Continuing the discussion from Performance: Julia/JuMP vs. Python/Pyomo: I do not intend to start a topic that will lead to a great amount of popcorn being consumed. I noticed this tweet today and encountered the topic…

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## [How do I associate a math operation with node of wiring diagram?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-do-i-associate-a-math-operation-with-node-of-wiring-diagram/101503)

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**Author:** [@nikit\_goku](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/nikit_goku)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [July 12, 2023, 12:54am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-do-i-associate-a-math-operation-with-node-of-wiring-diagram/101503 "2023-07-12T00:54:59Z")

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Hello, I am trying to associate a mathematical operation with the node of the wiring diagram, for example I may want to pass an integer as an input, and want take a square root of that integer and return the value at the…

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## [CUDA profiling tools crashing](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/cuda-profiling-tools-crashing/101458)

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**Author:** [@smartalecH](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/smartalecH)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [July 11, 2023, 8:16pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/cuda-profiling-tools-crashing/101458 "2023-07-11T20:16:45Z")

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Per the docs, I’m trying to get some extra insight into my kernels using some of CUDA’s profiling tools. I’ve tried running $ nsys launch julia along with $ ncu --mode=launch julia but both commands crash with the f…

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## [How can I add categorical labels in a grouped bar plot?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-can-i-add-categorical-labels-in-a-grouped-bar-plot/101494)

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**Author:** [@bertulli](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/bertulli)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [July 11, 2023, 8:02pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-can-i-add-categorical-labels-in-a-grouped-bar-plot/101494 "2023-07-11T20:02:22Z")

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Hi all! I’m trying to produce a grouped bar plot, as shown here: julia\> results 12-element Vector{NamedTuple{(:program, :mean, :stddev, :score), Tuple{String, Float64, Float64, Float64}}}: (program = "fact\_ite\_#1", me…

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## [Prediction w multiple shoot](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/prediction-w-multiple-shoot/101483)

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**Author:** [@Marco\_Nesta](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Marco_Nesta)\
**Replies:** 5\
**Last updated:** [July 11, 2023, 7:56pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/prediction-w-multiple-shoot/101483 "2023-07-11T19:56:00Z")

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i am using multiple shoots to learn the lotka volterra equations. how can i predict results using the updated parameters? emphasized textusing ComponentArrays, Lux, DiffEqFlux, Optimization, OptimizationPolyalgorithms, …

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## [Is there a function to make an abstractly-typed variable "more" concrete?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/is-there-a-function-to-make-an-abstractly-typed-variable-more-concrete/101439)

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**Author:** [@filchristou](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/filchristou)\
**Replies:** 11\
**Last updated:** [July 11, 2023, 7:31pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/is-there-a-function-to-make-an-abstractly-typed-variable-more-concrete/101439 "2023-07-11T19:31:37Z")

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Is there a way to find the most concrete type representation of a variable and apply it ? For example say we got our hands to a Dict{Any, Any} julia\> d = Dict{Any,Any}("one" =\> 1, "two" =\> 2) Dict{Any, Any} with 2 entr…

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## [Can a line continue at a '.'?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/can-a-line-continue-at-a/101364)

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**Author:** [@g2g](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/g2g)\
**Replies:** 9\
**Last updated:** [July 11, 2023, 5:37pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/can-a-line-continue-at-a/101364 "2023-07-11T17:37:40Z")

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Leo Dorst & Steven De Keninck have posted a tutorial and javascript code to animate a hypercube dangling from an elastic string and I’m in the process of porting that code to Julia. The following is their code to genera…

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## [FFTW multithreading and plans](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/fftw-multithreading-and-plans/67592)

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**Author:** [@Ferran\_Mazzanti](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Ferran_Mazzanti)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [July 11, 2023, 5:10pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/fftw-multithreading-and-plans/67592 "2023-07-11T17:10:44Z")

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Hi folks, I have a question regarding FFTW transforms, planning them, and multithreading to speed that up. In particular I lunch julia --threads 4 and once in the REPL Threads.nthreads() says I’m running with 4 thread…

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## [Two lines one label - Makie](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/two-lines-one-label-makie/101490)

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**Author:** [@xztt](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/xztt)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [July 11, 2023, 4:34pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/two-lines-one-label-makie/101490 "2023-07-11T16:34:36Z")

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Hi, From the basic tutorials we have the code fig = Figure() ax1, l1 = lines(fig\[1, 1\], 0..10, sin, color = :red) ax2, l2 = lines(fig\[2, 1\], 0..10, cos, color = :blue) Legend(fig\[1:2, 2\], \[l1, l2\], \["sin", "cos"\]) fig …

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## [What happens to a view when the parent array is reassigned?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/what-happens-to-a-view-when-the-parent-array-is-reassigned/101487)

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**Author:** [@Jad\_Zeitouni](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Jad_Zeitouni)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [July 11, 2023, 4:11pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/what-happens-to-a-view-when-the-parent-array-is-reassigned/101487 "2023-07-11T16:11:29Z")

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Let’s say I have an array x and a create a view y. I then reassign x to another array at some point. I can see that y still points to the original array, so that I don’t actually clear memory by reassigning x. Is the onl…

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## [How to debug memory leak / GC issue](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-debug-memory-leak-gc-issue/91936)

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**Author:** [@simsurace](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/simsurace)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [July 11, 2023, 3:58pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-debug-memory-leak-gc-issue/91936 "2023-07-11T15:58:31Z")

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How do I debug a (supposed) memory leak or GC issue? I would like to understand which memory allocations are leaking or not removed by GC after use. Context: I’m experiencing a problem in which the memory use grows wit…

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## [How can I move the x axis and ticks at top of the graph?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-can-i-move-the-x-axis-and-ticks-at-top-of-the-graph/101479)

<div class="topic-metadata">

**Author:** [@bertulli](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/bertulli)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [July 11, 2023, 3:45pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-can-i-move-the-x-axis-and-ticks-at-top-of-the-graph/101479 "2023-07-11T15:45:04Z")

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Hi all! I’m trying to plot a heatmap of a distance matrix: julia\> distance\_matrix\_measures 12×12 Matrix{Float64}: 0.0 0.0242429 0.0217801 … 0.0443951 0.0124709 0.0114215 0.0242429 0.0 0.0024…

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