# Latest

**URL:** https://discourse.julialang.org/latest.md?page=617

[Latest](https://discourse.julialang.org/latest.md) · [Categories](https://discourse.julialang.org/categories.md) · [Tags](https://discourse.julialang.org/tags.md)

**Page:** 618

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## [Causal.jl vs ModelingToolkit.jl for causal, discrete-time, and Simulink-like systems](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/causal-jl-vs-modelingtoolkit-jl-for-causal-discrete-time-and-simulink-like-systems/82881)

<div class="topic-metadata">

**Author:** [@tapyu](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/tapyu)\
**Replies:** 36\
**Last updated:** [August 18, 2023, 8:41am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/causal-jl-vs-modelingtoolkit-jl-for-causal-discrete-time-and-simulink-like-systems/82881 "2023-08-18T08:41:27Z")

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I am an experienced-Simulink user who is trying to move to Julia. My goal is to develop discrete-time(probably stochastic) systems. As a former Simulink user, I always think in terms of block diagrams and signal flows. R…

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## [Overview of different number representations, philosophies and use cases](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/overview-of-different-number-representations-philosophies-and-use-cases/102910)

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**Author:** [@i9e1](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/i9e1)\
**Replies:** 6\
**Last updated:** [August 18, 2023, 8:18am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/overview-of-different-number-representations-philosophies-and-use-cases/102910 "2023-08-18T08:18:04Z")

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Hello, there is some activity to implement different number formats other than Rational and float. All approaches known to me so far try to tackle a fundamental tradeoff: We want our calculations to be fast and accurat…

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## [Change Latex font in Makie](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/change-latex-font-in-makie/72729)

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**Author:** [@Elmo](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Elmo)\
**Replies:** 11\
**Last updated:** [August 18, 2023, 7:43am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/change-latex-font-in-makie/72729 "2023-08-18T07:43:32Z")

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Hi all, Is there a way to change the font Makie uses when you want to typeset labels (etc…) in Latex? See here for a MWE: using CairoMakie, LaTeXStrings fontpath = joinpath(pwd(), "fonts", "tex-gyre", "texgyreheros-bo…

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## [Is there a way to name the plots in the Plot Navigator in VSCode Extension?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/is-there-a-way-to-name-the-plots-in-the-plot-navigator-in-vscode-extension/102931)

<div class="topic-metadata">

**Author:** [@shiokoala](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/shiokoala)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [August 18, 2023, 6:56am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/is-there-a-way-to-name-the-plots-in-the-plot-navigator-in-vscode-extension/102931 "2023-08-18T06:56:41Z")

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Basically the title. Instead of “Plot #” can it pull from the plot title? It’s not a big deal if it’s not, just that I thought maybe I missed something.

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## [Generic way to change float precision in FluxML](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/generic-way-to-change-float-precision-in-fluxml/102893)

<div class="topic-metadata">

**Author:** [@pat-alt](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/pat-alt)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [August 18, 2023, 6:26am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/generic-way-to-change-float-precision-in-fluxml/102893 "2023-08-18T06:26:44Z")

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I’ve recently started using FastAI.jl and firstly want to say how much I appreciate the efforts of anyone involved here - this is really cool! When going through chapter 5 of the fast.ai book, I just came across the poi…

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## [About the generation of JuMP model files of MIQCP type from other platforms such as GAMS or AMLP](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/about-the-generation-of-jump-model-files-of-miqcp-type-from-other-platforms-such-as-gams-or-amlp/102914)

<div class="topic-metadata">

**Author:** [@JackaChou](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/JackaChou)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [August 18, 2023, 5:23am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/about-the-generation-of-jump-model-files-of-miqcp-type-from-other-platforms-such-as-gams-or-amlp/102914 "2023-08-18T05:23:04Z")

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I want to solve a MIQCP type problem which is written in GAMS and the JuMP version is generated using the convert function. A painpoint is that the generated JuMP file is not recognized as a MIQCP problem but a general M…

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## [Sciml\_train not defined](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/sciml-train-not-defined/102884)

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**Author:** [@mirandaholmes](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/mirandaholmes)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [August 17, 2023, 10:19pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/sciml-train-not-defined/102884 "2023-08-17T22:19:02Z")

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Hi, I just started using Julia, on a Macbook Air with M2 chip. I am trying to run the Lotka-Volterra optimization example (https://docs.juliahub.com/DiffEqFlux/BdO4p/1.10.3/examples/LV-ODE/) verbatim, after installing al…

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## [Line labels in subplot impacted by other subplots](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/line-labels-in-subplot-impacted-by-other-subplots/102924)

<div class="topic-metadata">

**Author:** [@markowkes](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/markowkes)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [August 17, 2023, 9:58pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/line-labels-in-subplot-impacted-by-other-subplots/102924 "2023-08-17T21:58:54Z")

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I have a plot recipe that creates a few subplots. However, the labels that are displayed in the legend are not in the correct order in some cases and I do not understand what is wrong. For example, in this MWE, the fun…

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## [Julia v1.10.0-beta2 is now available](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/julia-v1-10-0-beta2-is-now-available/102923)

<div class="topic-metadata">

**Author:** [@ararslan](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/ararslan)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [August 17, 2023, 8:05pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/julia-v1-10-0-beta2-is-now-available/102923 "2023-08-17T20:05:48Z")

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The Julia developers are pleased to announce that the second beta version for Julia v1.10.0 is now available. You can download binaries for v1.10.0-beta2 at https://julialang.org/downloads/ in the “upcoming release” sect…

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## [Releasing process memory from Arrow.jl](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/releasing-process-memory-from-arrow-jl/102882)

<div class="topic-metadata">

**Author:** [@djholiver](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/djholiver)\
**Replies:** 5\
**Last updated:** [August 17, 2023, 7:23pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/releasing-process-memory-from-arrow-jl/102882 "2023-08-17T19:23:40Z")

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Hi, I make heavy use of the (incredible) Arrow.jl package provided by @quinnj to do api - exposed analytics running in docker containers. The files are large: c. 65GB, 35M rows, 250 columns and the analytics queries exe…

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## [Using Multithreading and multiprocesing together to construct a matrix](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/using-multithreading-and-multiprocesing-together-to-construct-a-matrix/102892)

<div class="topic-metadata">

**Author:** [@ahmed](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/ahmed)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [August 17, 2023, 8:24am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/using-multithreading-and-multiprocesing-together-to-construct-a-matrix/102892 "2023-08-17T08:24:45Z")

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I have the following problem where I want to construct a matrix (roughly of size 10^4\*10^4) with a rule to calculate the matrix elements. A serial construction of this matrix takes a lot of time. I thought of using multi…

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## [Does Julia do common subexpression elimination?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/does-julia-do-common-subexpression-elimination/102901)

<div class="topic-metadata">

**Author:** [@deaminase](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/deaminase)\
**Replies:** 5\
**Last updated:** [August 17, 2023, 5:27pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/does-julia-do-common-subexpression-elimination/102901 "2023-08-17T17:27:21Z")

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This recent GitHub reads like Julia doesn’t do common subexpression elimination at all, is this a correct assumption? Here’s the relevant bits from the issue: using BenchmarkTools f(x) = exp(x)/(1+exp(x)) function g(x…

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## [\[ANN\] Announcing CalciumScoring.jl: Calculating Coronary Artery Calcium Scores from CT Images](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/ann-announcing-calciumscoring-jl-calculating-coronary-artery-calcium-scores-from-ct-images/102918)

<div class="topic-metadata">

**Author:** [@Dale\_James\_Black](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Dale_James_Black)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [August 17, 2023, 5:19pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/ann-announcing-calciumscoring-jl-calculating-coronary-artery-calcium-scores-from-ct-images/102918 "2023-08-17T17:19:30Z")

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I am excited to introduce CalciumScoring.jl, a Julia package designed to calculate coronary artery calcium scores from CT images using various quantification algorithms. You can easily calculate the calcium mass within a…

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## [Writing for generality](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/writing-for-generality/102913)

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**Author:** [@ryofurue](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/ryofurue)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [August 17, 2023, 4:21pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/writing-for-generality/102913 "2023-08-17T16:21:23Z")

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I re-discovered this old thread, which I started well more than a year ago, when I was a complete newbie: I wanted to write a findall-like function that partitions the indices into two sets according to a criterion: f…

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## [Plots not finishing in Julia 1.9.2](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/plots-not-finishing-in-julia-1-9-2/102909)

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**Author:** [@morningglory05](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/morningglory05)\
**Replies:** 4\
**Last updated:** [August 17, 2023, 3:59pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/plots-not-finishing-in-julia-1-9-2/102909 "2023-08-17T15:59:05Z")

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I made the update from Julia 1.8.5 to Julia 1.9.2. Now, cells containing plots are no longer running. I was wondering if I just had to wait longer, so I ran the following code in a Julia 1.9.2 kernel as a test: using Pl…

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## [Is there a package for "random vectors" like rv in R?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/is-there-a-package-for-random-vectors-like-rv-in-r/102787)

<div class="topic-metadata">

**Author:** [@Tamas\_Papp](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Tamas_Papp)\
**Replies:** 8\
**Last updated:** [August 17, 2023, 3:57pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/is-there-a-package-for-random-vectors-like-rv-in-r/102787 "2023-08-17T15:57:21Z")

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Kerman and Gelman (2007) introduced an interesting way to think about posterior simulations, implemented in rv in R. The basic idea is to implement (a vector of) posterior draws as first-class values, and overload arithm…

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## [Create custom units in Unitful](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/create-custom-units-in-unitful/102827)

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**Author:** [@Tillmann\_Bosch](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Tillmann_Bosch)\
**Replies:** 7\
**Last updated:** [August 17, 2023, 1:21pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/create-custom-units-in-unitful/102827 "2023-08-17T13:21:32Z")

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Hey together! Im creating custom units with Unitful and am stumbling across a difficulty for which I havent yet found a solution for. I created a little module in which I am able to define new unitful dimensions and cre…

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## [Not able to understand why everything is Vector or Matrix types which are alias types of Array](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/not-able-to-understand-why-everything-is-vector-or-matrix-types-which-are-alias-types-of-array/102902)

<div class="topic-metadata">

**Author:** [@saampandit](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/saampandit)\
**Replies:** 5\
**Last updated:** [August 17, 2023, 2:58pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/not-able-to-understand-why-everything-is-vector-or-matrix-types-which-are-alias-types-of-array/102902 "2023-08-17T14:58:38Z")

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How we should create an object whose type is Array not Vector or Matrix which are aliases of Arrays For example if I can create an Array x = \["random", 1, "test", 3.1455\] y = \["Hello" 1 ; "test" "random"\] then typeof …

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## [Simple matrix multiplication using MtlArray kills REPL](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/simple-matrix-multiplication-using-mtlarray-kills-repl/102905)

<div class="topic-metadata">

**Author:** [@Bill\_Holmes](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Bill_Holmes)\
**Replies:** 4\
**Last updated:** [August 17, 2023, 2:44pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/simple-matrix-multiplication-using-mtlarray-kills-repl/102905 "2023-08-17T14:44:25Z")

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First off, for those working on the development of Metal.jl, if you read this, thank you! Now for my issue / bug. In trying to do something with metal, I ran into the following reproducible problem. Consider the simple …

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## [Gradient Computation Time of Neural ODE](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/gradient-computation-time-of-neural-ode/102724)

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**Author:** [@George\_Stepaniants](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/George_Stepaniants)\
**Replies:** 5\
**Last updated:** [August 17, 2023, 12:56pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/gradient-computation-time-of-neural-ode/102724 "2023-08-17T12:56:26Z")

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I am training a neural ODE that simulates a neural ODE dy/dt = g(y) for Ns trajectories where each trajectory consists of Nt timepoints (y(t1), …, y(t\_Nt)). As the number of trajectory samples Ns and the time points save…

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## [Composing a Neural ODE with another Neural Network](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/composing-a-neural-ode-with-another-neural-network/102682)

<div class="topic-metadata">

**Author:** [@George\_Stepaniants](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/George_Stepaniants)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [August 17, 2023, 12:52pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/composing-a-neural-ode-with-another-neural-network/102682 "2023-08-17T12:52:17Z")

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A problem I have been battling with for several weeks now. I am interested in fitting a model that simulates a neural ode ydot = g(y) and then passes this output y(t) pointwise in time through another neural network y(t)…

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## [Float64 but with single precision](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/float64-but-with-single-precision/102899)

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**Author:** [@Dario-Rosa85](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Dario-Rosa85)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [August 17, 2023, 10:30am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/float64-but-with-single-precision/102899 "2023-08-17T10:30:44Z")

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Sorry for the question which might look a bit stupid. I am preparing an example to show that certain numerical methods are unstable. To do this, I would need a method to use a Float64 number but, for the example, I would…

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## [Why are the items in Julia's Sets mutable, but there is no immutable version of the latter?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/why-are-the-items-in-julias-sets-mutable-but-there-is-no-immutable-version-of-the-latter/102898)

<div class="topic-metadata">

**Author:** [@ARCJ137442](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/ARCJ137442)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [August 17, 2023, 10:05am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/why-are-the-items-in-julias-sets-mutable-but-there-is-no-immutable-version-of-the-latter/102898 "2023-08-17T10:05:50Z")

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Background First, clarify a point: a set in Julia is an “immutable type”, but in its definition (’ set.jl ‘), a set is represented as a “wrapper around a Dict”, and this “immutability” is represented as "you cannot chan…

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## [Rename column if its name matches to a name in given list](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/rename-column-if-its-name-matches-to-a-name-in-given-list/102386)

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**Author:** [@raman\_kumar](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/raman_kumar)\
**Replies:** 26\
**Last updated:** [August 17, 2023, 9:39am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/rename-column-if-its-name-matches-to-a-name-in-given-list/102386 "2023-08-17T09:39:51Z")

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My Problem is :heavy\_minus\_sign: If name in names(dataframe) matches to a name in a given list then rename it to some other specified name. names(dataframe)=\["Date", "UT\_start", "t-T0", "Filter", "Exp.", "OT", "Err.", "…

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## [Linux julia 1.8.2/1.8.3 GMT package /lib/julia/libcurl.so: version \`CURL\_OPENSSL\_4' not found error](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/linux-julia-1-8-2-1-8-3-gmt-package-lib-julia-libcurl-so-version-curl-openssl-4-not-found-error/90487)

<div class="topic-metadata">

**Author:** [@benibilme](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/benibilme)\
**Replies:** 14\
**Last updated:** [August 17, 2023, 9:13am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/linux-julia-1-8-2-1-8-3-gmt-package-lib-julia-libcurl-so-version-curl-openssl-4-not-found-error/90487 "2023-08-17T09:13:01Z")

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Hello, I am using arch linux, I have manually downloaded and installed 64 bit linux version of julia from https://julialang-s3.julialang.org/bin/linux/x64/1.8/julia-1.8.3-linux-x86\_64.tar.gz. I have added many packages …

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## [Multiple dispatch on function types](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/multiple-dispatch-on-function-types/101932)

<div class="topic-metadata">

**Author:** [@aberges](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/aberges)\
**Replies:** 16\
**Last updated:** [August 17, 2023, 9:07am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/multiple-dispatch-on-function-types/101932 "2023-08-17T09:07:40Z")

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I’m designing a small module to compute fractals. I have implemented 2 algorithms: escape time and distance estimation. These algorithms have the exact same arguments except that distance estimation needs 1 more. On the…

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## [How should I understand the scope of Random.seed?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-should-i-understand-the-scope-of-random-seed/102894)

<div class="topic-metadata">

**Author:** [@Zerosum](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Zerosum)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [August 17, 2023, 8:32am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-should-i-understand-the-scope-of-random-seed/102894 "2023-08-17T08:32:12Z")

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function testing() function gen\_a() return rand() end function gen\_b() Random.seed!(111) return rand() end return gen\_a() + gen\_b() end testing() result : 0.8538390963198…

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## [Curious about the internals of dynamic dispatch](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/curious-about-the-internals-of-dynamic-dispatch/102888)

<div class="topic-metadata">

**Author:** [@HashBrown](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/HashBrown)\
**Replies:** 12\
**Last updated:** [August 17, 2023, 3:34am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/curious-about-the-internals-of-dynamic-dispatch/102888 "2023-08-17T03:34:14Z")

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My mental model of how Julia handles dynamic dispatch is by compiling code that looks like: for ele in vector\_of\_abstract\_type do\_something(ele) end to something that looks like this for ele in vector\_of\_abstract\_…

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## [Mix-Precision training using Models of Metalhead (Flux.jl) or Boltz (Lux.jl)](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/mix-precision-training-using-models-of-metalhead-flux-jl-or-boltz-lux-jl/102857)

<div class="topic-metadata">

**Author:** [@lgmendesDynamics](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/lgmendesDynamics)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [August 16, 2023, 11:30pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/mix-precision-training-using-models-of-metalhead-flux-jl-or-boltz-lux-jl/102857 "2023-08-16T23:30:20Z")

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It is possible to train Deep Learning models for computer vision available in packages like Metalhead (Flux) or Boltz (Lux) with mix-precision?

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## [Why is this loop type not supported by LoopVectorization?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/why-is-this-loop-type-not-supported-by-loopvectorization/102886)

<div class="topic-metadata">

**Author:** [@james3](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/james3)\
**Replies:** 6\
**Last updated:** [August 16, 2023, 11:15pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/why-is-this-loop-type-not-supported-by-loopvectorization/102886 "2023-08-16T23:15:33Z")

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I am trying to understand why I can’t use @turbo in part of my code. I can reduce the issue to the following example using LoopVectorization f = \[15, 13, 12, 10, 9, 7, 5, 4, 2, 1\] y0 = zeros(16) y1 = zeros(16) for i =…

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