# Statistics

**URL:** https://discourse.julialang.org/c/domain/stats/12.md?page=9

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**Page:** 10

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## [Estimate Empirical CDF using ecdf() on sample](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/estimate-empirical-cdf-using-ecdf-on-sample/83371)

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**Author:** [@Max\_Beez](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Max_Beez)\
**Replies:** 6\
**Last updated:** [June 27, 2022, 12:42pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/estimate-empirical-cdf-using-ecdf-on-sample/83371 "2022-06-27T12:42:07Z")

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If I generate a sample of some distribution, for instance of the Exponential distribution then there is no issue using ecdf to plot the Empirical CDF. However, if I apply a function and take a sample I get the error ERR…

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## [How to implement the ANOVA post-hoc test in Julia?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-implement-the-anova-post-hoc-test-in-julia/83310)

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**Author:** [@Aesth\_Estheticism](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Aesth_Estheticism)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [June 26, 2022, 3:53pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-implement-the-anova-post-hoc-test-in-julia/83310 "2022-06-26T15:53:33Z")

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I conducted hypothesis test using HypohesisTest package, however, it seems that can’t do post-hoc test. Is there a package could do it?

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## [What's the kernel used in Geom.density for kernel density estimate in Gadfly?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/whats-the-kernel-used-in-geom-density-for-kernel-density-estimate-in-gadfly/83275)

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**Author:** [@guixien](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/guixien)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [June 24, 2022, 1:15pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/whats-the-kernel-used-in-geom-density-for-kernel-density-estimate-in-gadfly/83275 "2022-06-24T13:15:44Z")

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I am not seeing this anywhere in the documentation. Is it simply the Gaussian kernel?

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## [Question: how to get dot products from size(x, n) matrix and length(n) vector](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/question-how-to-get-dot-products-from-size-x-n-matrix-and-length-n-vector/83257)

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**Author:** [@bwanab](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/bwanab)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [June 23, 2022, 6:50pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/question-how-to-get-dot-products-from-size-x-n-matrix-and-length-n-vector/83257 "2022-06-23T18:50:11Z")

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Matrix: X2, Vector: w2 What I’m trying to do is get the vector of dot products from each row of the matrix with the vector. The best I’ve come up with so far is: sum(X2 .\* w2', dims=1) This works, but I have this n…

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## [Give feedback on a package for visualizing univariate distributions before I register it](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/give-feedback-on-a-package-for-visualizing-univariate-distributions-before-i-register-it/83209)

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**Author:** [@nsajko](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/nsajko)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [June 22, 2022, 10:07pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/give-feedback-on-a-package-for-visualizing-univariate-distributions-before-i-register-it/83209 "2022-06-22T22:07:37Z")

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I wanted a quick and foolproof way for visualizing univariate distributions using all three of histogram, KDE, ECDF on the same plot. The package is here: Neven Sajko / UnivariateProbabilityDistributionVisualizationCalc…

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## [Very simple statistic needed](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/very-simple-statistic-needed/82923)

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**Author:** [@ufechner7](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/ufechner7)\
**Replies:** 6\
**Last updated:** [June 17, 2022, 3:54pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/very-simple-statistic-needed/82923 "2022-06-17T15:54:33Z")

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I have a very simple task: I have a list of CAN bus addresses like this: 1236454-element Vector{Union{Missing, Int64}}: 65 65 48 48 49 49 50 50 ⋮ 57 65 58 58 65 59 59 Because all numbers are below 128 …

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## [ParseError: KaTeX parse error: No such environment: tabular at position 7: \\begin{̲t̲a̲b̲u̲l̲a̲r̲}̲ {l | r | r | r…](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/parseerror-katex-parse-error-no-such-environment-tabular-at-position-7-begin-t-a-b-u-l-a-r-l-r-r-r/82889)

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**Author:** [@Aesth\_Estheticism](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Aesth_Estheticism)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [June 17, 2022, 3:25am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/parseerror-katex-parse-error-no-such-environment-tabular-at-position-7-begin-t-a-b-u-l-a-r-l-r-r-r/82889 "2022-06-17T03:25:21Z")

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When I used the default code of MixedModels package, and a error happened that “ParseError: KaTeX parse error: No such environment: tabular at position 7: \\begin{̲t̲a̲b̲u̲l̲a̲r̲}̲ {l | r | r | r…”. The default code are …

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## [GLMM ERROR: UndefVarError: emηᵢ not defined](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/glmm-error-undefvarerror-em-not-defined/82672)

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**Author:** [@Shuya\_Fan](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Shuya_Fan)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [June 13, 2022, 10:17am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/glmm-error-undefvarerror-em-not-defined/82672 "2022-06-13T10:17:18Z")

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Hi, I’m new to Julia and it’s an awesome language. But I got some errors while running the GLMM. Looking forward to your help. In my data, ‘species’ and ‘newOBJIDsic’ are the random effect, ‘bio\_pd\_mpd\_mean’ is the fix…

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## [Should we add sm as a short form of skipmissing](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/should-we-add-sm-as-a-short-form-of-skipmissing/82610)

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**Author:** [@bkamins](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/bkamins)\
**Replies:** 18\
**Last updated:** [June 13, 2022, 7:02am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/should-we-add-sm-as-a-short-form-of-skipmissing/82610 "2022-06-13T07:02:12Z")

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Do you think const sm = skipmissing should be added and exported from Missings.jl? The point is that then mean(skipmissing(x)) would be abbreviated to mean(sm(x)). Given skipmissing is often needed I would propose to co…

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## [GLM.jl LogisticRegression errors: matrix is not positive definite; Cholesky factorization failed](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/glm-jl-logisticregression-errors-matrix-is-not-positive-definite-cholesky-factorization-failed/28981)

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**Author:** [@Sijun](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Sijun)\
**Replies:** 14\
**Last updated:** [June 9, 2022, 10:04pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/glm-jl-logisticregression-errors-matrix-is-not-positive-definite-cholesky-factorization-failed/28981 "2022-06-09T22:04:16Z")

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The following errors: using DataFrames, GLM df = DataFrame(x1=\[1,2,3,4\], x2=\[1,2,3,4\], y=\[1,1,0,0\]) mdl = glm(@formula(y~x1+x2), df, Binomial(), LogitLink()) predict(mdl, df\[:, \[:x1, :x2\]\]) ERROR: LoadError: PosDef…

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## [How to use lm inside a for loop for different variables](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-use-lm-inside-a-for-loop-for-different-variables/82391)

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**Author:** [@Juan\_Mac\_Donagh](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Juan_Mac_Donagh)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [June 8, 2022, 1:34pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-to-use-lm-inside-a-for-loop-for-different-variables/82391 "2022-06-08T13:34:51Z")

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Hi all, I’ve been trying to work around this problem, and I need a little bit of help. I have a datarme that looks something like this: |Y|X1|X2|X3|X4|X5| |----------------| |1|22|23|25|98|23| |8|52|23|15|28|63| And s…

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## [Multivariate OU parameter estimation](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/multivariate-ou-parameter-estimation/82147)

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**Author:** [@jacob-roth](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/jacob-roth)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [June 3, 2022, 12:33am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/multivariate-ou-parameter-estimation/82147 "2022-06-03T00:33:47Z")

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I am interested in estimating the parameters M,D\\in\\mathbb{R}^{n\\times n}, D\\succeq0 of an OU process dX\_t = M(X\_t-\\mu)d\_t + DdW\_t from observed data at frequency \\Delta t. Is there a generalized likelihood inference…

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## [Scale and Location to TDist in Distributions](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/scale-and-location-to-tdist-in-distributions/74360)

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**Author:** [@Dominic\_Pazzula](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Dominic_Pazzula)\
**Replies:** 7\
**Last updated:** [May 30, 2022, 1:00pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/scale-and-location-to-tdist-in-distributions/74360 "2022-05-30T13:00:35Z")

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Is there any reason not to have a scale and location parameter in TDist in the Distributions package? I was trying to do a MLE with a Generalized T distribution when I realized it wasn’t available out of the box. Not h…

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## [Wording in "Test summary" portion of HypothesisTests.jl output](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/wording-in-test-summary-portion-of-hypothesistests-jl-output/79186)

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**Author:** [@nealS](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/nealS)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [May 19, 2022, 4:13am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/wording-in-test-summary-portion-of-hypothesistests-jl-output/79186 "2022-05-19T04:13:04Z")

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I am a bit confused about the wording in the output of the hypothesis tests implemented in Hypothesistests.jl, and think that they might be improved. Take this instance of Fisher’s exact test: FisherExactTest(4,3,2,4) F…

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## [How can happen that mutual information is negative?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-can-happen-that-mutual-information-is-negative/81062)

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**Author:** [@ladislaus](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/ladislaus)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [May 14, 2022, 4:40pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-can-happen-that-mutual-information-is-negative/81062 "2022-05-14T16:40:47Z")

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Dear Community, I am about to calculate the mutual information of two PMFs according to (1) in mathworld which i would normalize to get the redundancy, R, in Wiki. A particular feature of the problem is that the sampl…

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## [Can you help me find a speedier way to make a design matrix for high parameter model?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/can-you-help-me-find-a-speedier-way-to-make-a-design-matrix-for-high-parameter-model/80012)

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**Author:** [@alexpkeil1](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/alexpkeil1)\
**Replies:** 8\
**Last updated:** [May 13, 2022, 3:27pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/can-you-help-me-find-a-speedier-way-to-make-a-design-matrix-for-high-parameter-model/80012 "2022-05-13T15:27:28Z")

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I’m building a parametric Bayesian model where I require a design matrix with lots of columns (1 observation per row). The columns represent original measured variables (continuous and categorical) as well as spline basi…

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## [Designing Custom Syntax for @formula](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/designing-custom-syntax-for-formula/80450)

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**Author:** [@Ross\_Boylan](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Ross_Boylan)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [May 13, 2022, 3:23pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/designing-custom-syntax-for-formula/80450 "2022-05-13T15:23:14Z")

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I’m trying to understand the differences between the relatively compact implementation of a custom interpretation of ^ for @formula and the general advice on extending @formula, in particular the example here of how to …

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## [Getting RegressionFormulae ^ (interaction) operator to work](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/getting-regressionformulae-interaction-operator-to-work/79216)

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**Author:** [@Ross\_Boylan](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Ross_Boylan)\
**Replies:** 8\
**Last updated:** [May 13, 2022, 3:10pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/getting-regressionformulae-interaction-operator-to-work/79216 "2022-05-13T15:10:06Z")

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My effort to use the ^ operator from RegressionFormulae doesn’t seem to have worked. What am I missing? The docs just referenced say (a+b+c)^2 generates a + b + c + a&b + a&c + b&c , but not a&b&c Test code: using…

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## [Bayesian model comparison / selection](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/bayesian-model-comparison-selection/80420)

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**Author:** [@uferc](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/uferc)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [May 3, 2022, 2:40pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/bayesian-model-comparison-selection/80420 "2022-05-03T14:40:20Z")

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Hello everyone, my question revolves around the topic of Bayesian model comparison and henceforce selection. I’ve build 3 alternative models (each NUTS(0.65), 4 chains, 8000 draws) and fit my data with the Turing.jl li…

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## [How does MixedModels.jl initialize model parameters for optimization?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-does-mixedmodels-jl-initialize-model-parameters-for-optimization/40630)

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**Author:** [@kai](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/kai)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [April 28, 2022, 4:47am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/how-does-mixedmodels-jl-initialize-model-parameters-for-optimization/40630 "2022-04-28T04:47:25Z")

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Hi, I’m curious about how MixedModels.jl initialize model parameters for optimization. From page 12 of this document This template contains three types of elements: structural zeros (denoted by .), off- diagonal covar…

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## [Is there any glmmTMB package for Julia?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/is-there-any-glmmtmb-package-for-julia/19868)

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**Author:** [@Juan](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Juan)\
**Replies:** 15\
**Last updated:** [April 28, 2022, 4:44am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/is-there-any-glmmtmb-package-for-julia/19868 "2022-04-28T04:44:31Z")

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I’m trying to fit mixed-effect models to large dataset. R’s lme4 is very slow and can’t deal with more than 50000 rows on my computer. The amount of memory seems to increase with the cube of the number of rows. Julia’s…

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## [Analysis of complex surveys in Julia?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/analysis-of-complex-surveys-in-julia/44011)

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**Author:** [@jamanrique](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/jamanrique)\
**Replies:** 6\
**Last updated:** [April 27, 2022, 7:49pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/analysis-of-complex-surveys-in-julia/44011 "2022-04-27T19:49:42Z")

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Hi! I just wanted to know if someone knows if there’s a package related to the analysis of complex surveys in Julia. If not, this could be a great opportunity for me to learn how to create packages in Julia …

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## [Any package for survey data analysis?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/any-package-for-survey-data-analysis/67317)

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**Author:** [@xinchin](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/xinchin)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [April 27, 2022, 8:55am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/any-package-for-survey-data-analysis/67317 "2022-04-27T08:55:43Z")

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is there any package for survey data analysis? having functionalities similar to stata would be great

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## [TimeDataFrames package? (not TimeArray)](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/timedataframes-package-not-timearray/80106)

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**Author:** [@Emmanuel-R8](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Emmanuel-R8)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [April 27, 2022, 8:31am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/timedataframes-package-not-timearray/80106 "2022-04-27T08:31:19Z")

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I am looking for a package to manipulate general time series. The TimeSeries package is restricted to a TimeArray structure which slaps dates/times on top of an array. All the elements of the array have to be of the sam…

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## [Equivalent of the Python Package PaCAL in Julia](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/equivalent-of-the-python-package-pacal-in-julia/79978)

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**Author:** [@RoyiAvital](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/RoyiAvital)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [April 26, 2022, 3:43pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/equivalent-of-the-python-package-pacal-in-julia/79978 "2022-04-26T15:43:41Z")

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The ChebFun MATLAB package links to a nice Python package called PaCAL. This nice package allows doing some arithmetic with random variables / distributions and get and object which basically represents the PDF without …

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## [Best practices for weak and uninformative priors in Turing](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/best-practices-for-weak-and-uninformative-priors-in-turing/79666)

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**Author:** [@charperflow](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/charperflow)\
**Replies:** 5\
**Last updated:** [April 19, 2022, 5:29pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/best-practices-for-weak-and-uninformative-priors-in-turing/79666 "2022-04-19T17:29:45Z")

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I am working through a question for a class taught in R and I am trying to recreate the class examples in Julia. Now that we have started doing bayesian regression I have hit a bit of a learning curve, because I am doing…

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## [Gaussian Processes and Infinite Neural Networks with Julia](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/gaussian-processes-and-infinite-neural-networks-with-julia/79677)

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**Author:** [@bonevbs](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/bonevbs)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [April 19, 2022, 10:31am UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/gaussian-processes-and-infinite-neural-networks-with-julia/79677 "2022-04-19T10:31:52Z")

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I recently wanted to explore the connection between GPs and Infinite Neural Networks and took this as an excuse to become familiar with the Distributions package and Flux.jl. I thought others here might find this interes…

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## [Does GLM return an estimate for the error term (residual standard deviation)?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/does-glm-return-an-estimate-for-the-error-term-residual-standard-deviation/79614)

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**Author:** [@charperflow](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/charperflow)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [April 18, 2022, 1:48pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/does-glm-return-an-estimate-for-the-error-term-residual-standard-deviation/79614 "2022-04-18T13:48:57Z")

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I was under the impression that if I called lm(@formula(y~x),data) from the GLM.jl package was fitting a simple linear regression of the form: y=a+bx\_i+\\epsilon\_i The results from the regression being: \\hat{y}=\\hat{a}…

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## [Distributions.jl: is it possible to define a Normal+Dirac mixture distribution?](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/distributions-jl-is-it-possible-to-define-a-normal-dirac-mixture-distribution/79429)

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**Author:** [@Vincent\_Picaud](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/Vincent_Picaud)\
**Replies:** 6\
**Last updated:** [April 13, 2022, 5:04pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/distributions-jl-is-it-possible-to-define-a-normal-dirac-mixture-distribution/79429 "2022-04-13T17:04:11Z")

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I want to manipulate a distribution mixture of the form \\pi\\delta\_{x\_0}+(1-\\pi)\\mathcal{N}(\\mu,\\sigma) I have checked that I can create a mixture of Normal & Cauchy, by example: julia\> using Disributions.jl julia\> M…

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## [Suppressing Info blocks from StructuralIdentifiability](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/suppressing-info-blocks-from-structuralidentifiability/79388)

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**Author:** [@bendkok](https://discourse.julialang.org/u/bendkok)\
**Replies:** 6\
**Last updated:** [April 12, 2022, 8:04pm UTC](https://discourse.julialang.org/t/suppressing-info-blocks-from-structuralidentifiability/79388 "2022-04-12T20:04:13Z")

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Hi. I’m using the Julia package StructuralIdentifiability. To use it we first define an ODE-model, and then check the identifiability of its parameters. When I do either of those it prints these “Info:” blocks that take…

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